The article will discuss which foundation for a one-story house is best used. This question will be raised very first, since a reliable foundation is necessary for any building. And the construction of any building begins with the construction of the foundation. This is the most important structural part of the structure. The reliability of the building depends on how reliable the foundation is. When choosing a base type, many factors must be considered. In particular, the features of the house, the type of materials that are used in construction, and most importantly - your financial capabilities.
What to look for
To build the foundation of a one-story house from blocks, you need to install more reliable and strong reinforcement. A slightly weaker base can be used in the construction of houses from timber, as the mass of the material is slightly lower. When choosing a foundation, you need to pay attention to other, equally important factors:
- The seismicity of the site on which you plan to build a house.
- The relief of the site.
- Depth of soil freezing.
- How much soil is sinking, as well as its degree of heaving.
- The depth of groundwater.
- The proximity of neighboring buildings.
These are factors that directly influence which foundation will be applied. It is also worth considering that it is necessary to maintain sufficient distances from neighboring structures. In particular, there should be at least 4 meters to the sewer. Otherwise, there is a risk of washing the base of the house.
Intrinsic factors
When building the foundation for a one-story house of foam blocks, it is necessary to take into account not only the above factors.
All internal parameters of the building must be taken into account, namely:
- The number of floors of the house.
- The presence of a basement.
- The total area of the building.
- The presence of columns in the house. It is worth noting that they increase several times the unit load in those places in which they are located.
- How communications will be laid. At the design stage, you need to decide in which places the communication networks and the foundation will dock.
Only after taking into account the above factors, we can begin to choose the foundation, draw up a thorough project and implement the design. Next, we will consider the most popular base structures for houses.
Strip foundations
When choosing the foundation for a one-story house, a glance immediately falls on the tape structures. They are most often used in the construction of one-story buildings. In addition, the foundation of this type allows you to make basements through the use of its own walls.
There are several types of tape bases:
- Prefabricated.
- National teams.
- Monolithic.
- Concrete.
The choice of variety of the base depends on what characteristics of the soil on the site.
Strip base construction
And now in more detail about how to properly build a strip foundation for a one-story house. You need to carry out such manipulations:
- To clear and level the entire plot on which you plan to build a house. This is one of the difficult stages, it is quite possible that one cannot do without special equipment.
- Mark the territory on which the construction will be carried out.
- Remove the topsoil completely so that there are no traces of vegetation - grass, roots.
- Dig a trench around the perimeter of the future building. This is the most time-consuming process, as you will have to spend a large amount of energy. But you can also hire special equipment so that the process goes much faster.
- Align the bottom of the pit and carefully check its horizontalness.
- When all the preparatory work is completed, you can begin to backfill the pillows made of gravel and sand. It must be moistened with water and rammed. Get maximum pillow density.
- Then you need to lay the coating of waterproofing material, as well as a small layer of concrete mortar.
- When mounting a monolithic base, it is necessary to install the formwork, after which it must be reinforced. For this we use fittings. Connect the rods with a special wire, the welding machine is not recommended, as it destroys the metal.
- Now is the time to pour concrete. For the foundation of a one-story house, cement of grade M200 and higher can be used. Please note that the solution must be poured in layers, the process must not be interrupted. Otherwise, the foundation will be heterogeneous. To get rid of air bubbles, you need to use a vibrator. With a little less success and more labor, you can carry out a bayonet.
- When the concrete sets, you can remove the formwork and lay a layer of waterproofing. Then the foundation is filled up.
There is nothing complicated in the tactics of construction, but you will have to sweat during all the work. It should be noted that waterproofing is an important component of the foundation. Make sure that the canvas roofing material (it is he most often used for insulation) came to the surface of the soil. With the help of roofing material you create a kind of laying between the concrete base and the ground.
Use of pile construction
But what foundation is needed for a one-story house if the soil on the site is very unstable? Tape cannot be built. And more precisely, it will work out, only he will not show himself from the best side. But the pile foundations allow you to transfer the load inland, to a more dense soil. To connect the piles together, you must use the grillage in the upper part.
It is being built from concrete mortar. There is only one drawback with such a fundamental design - to install the supports you will need to hire special equipment. You just can’t do without it. Most often, bored piles are used in the construction of houses.
How to build a pile foundation
The pile foundation construction algorithm is slightly simpler. Depth for a one-story house should be calculated for each specific case. The most important parameter in the calculations is the depth of soil freezing. However, this parameter must be taken into account during the construction of any foundation. To build a pile foundation, you need to carry out such work:
- First of all, level the area on which you plan to build.
- Then mark the area, indicate all the details according to the plan.
- Remove the topsoil to get rid of vegetation.
- Mark at which points the piles will be located. Dig small pits in these places. We can say that this is a kind of punching site.
- Using special equipment, you need to drill wells. If it is not possible to hire equipment, you can do all the work manually, but it will be a long time and spend a lot of effort.
Foundation reinforcement and completion
Next, you need to perform such manipulations:
- Assemble the frame from the reinforcement. Please note that it must protrude above the ground so that later you can build a grillage.
- At the bottom of all wells, sand and gravel cushions need to be made. The thickness of two layers should not exceed 30 cm.
- Install reinforcement inside the well.
- It is recommended to put the formwork into the well - sheets of roofing material can be used as its quality.
- Now you can pour the solution and wait until it completely hardens.
- Once the concrete has set, it is necessary to install a grillage. In other words, tie all the piles. After that, put the formwork and pour concrete. Finally, mount a layer of waterproofing material.
As you can see, there are no difficulties in the construction of the pile foundation. And to erect it is much easier than tape - all the most complex work is performed by special equipment.
Plate construction application
But no matter what foundation you choose for a one-story house, it must be carefully calculated and built taking into account all the nuances. It's time to consider another type of reason. It's about slab foundations. For single-story houses, this design is ideal, since the installation is very simple. From the outside it may seem that the design is very impressive, but in fact the construction will not cause difficulties.
The base is a huge slab whose shape is the same as that of the future building. Such a foundation must be used on heaving soils and very moist. They also show themselves well on the ground, on which there is a high risk of horizontal and vertical deformations. The plate may be shallow or shallow. In the first case, the foundation is located directly on the soil surface. In the second case, the plate is laid at about 50 cm.
In fairness, it is worth noting that there are foundations with deep bookmarks. In this case, the slab is erected at a depth that exceeds the level of soil freezing.
Slab Base Construction
First you need to decide what depth of foundation for a one-story house is needed. It depends on many factors, in particular, on the region in which the construction is carried out. Then you can proceed directly to the construction of the base:
- Prepare the site - clean it of debris, remove the topsoil and mark out according to plan.
- Create a pillow of sand and gravel. To seal it, water it.
- Pour in concrete screed.
- Lay 2-3 layers of waterproofing material.
- Build the formwork around the perimeter and install the spacers.
- Mount the fittings and fill the solution.
- If the yard is warm and dry weather, then the concrete must be wetted. Otherwise, it will begin to crack, which will adversely affect strength.
Foundation reinforcement
Sometimes there are situations when it is necessary to strengthen the foundation. You can do this in one of the following ways:
- By increasing the area of the base - the most logical and simple way out of the situation.
- Strengthening the structure using injection reinforcement. With a special cement gun, it is necessary to inject the concrete mixture onto the walls of the finished foundation.
- Installation of additional piles in close proximity to the finished foundation. And on all grounds, it is necessary to make clips of concrete with reinforcement.
Preparatory work is an important stage
The first thing to do before building the foundation is to check the quality of the soil. Only then can you start laying the foundation. First determine the type of surface that is the carrier. Then calculate the depth to which you want to lay the foundation itself. Only then can the walls of the building be erected.
It should be noted that today you can find a huge amount of materials on sale, from which the walls of the building are easily laid out. These are gas blocks, foam blocks, gas silicate blocks, expanded clay concrete. These materials are characterized by high strength, low thermal conductivity (they retain excellent heat), and most importantly, their mass is very small. To build a brick house will cost much more than a foam block.
Self soil check
In order to determine the type of foundation for a one-story house, you need to check the soil. To do this, make a well 1-2 meters deep. You can visually determine what qualities of the soil. You can also dig a small pit. So you will understand to what level the top layer of fertile soil lies.
But such a check is very relative, if it is not possible to carry out it, you need to lay a reinforced foundation using piles or concrete poles. It is worth noting that in most cases, tests are not carried out - they focus on how the neighbors did next.