Literary techniques have been widely used at all times, not only by classics or authors of fiction, but also by marketers, poets, and even ordinary people to more vividly recreate the story being told. Without them, it will not be possible to add liveliness to prose, poetry or the usual sentence, they decorate and allow you to feel as accurately as possible what the narrator wanted to convey to us.
Any work, regardless of its size or artistic direction, is based not only on the features of the language, but also directly on the poetic sound. This does not mean that certain information should be transmitted in rhyme. It is necessary that it be soft and beautiful, flow like poetry.
Of course, literary art techniques are quite different from those that people use in everyday life. An ordinary person, as a rule, will not select words; he will give such a comparison, a metaphor or, for example, an epithet that will help him explain something faster. As for the authors, they do it more beautifully, sometimes even too elaborately, but only when the work as a whole or its individual character in particular requires it.
Literary techniques, examples and explanation| Receptions | Explanation | Examples |
| Epithet | A word that defines an object or action, while emphasizing its characteristic property. | "A convincingly lying story" (A.K. Tolstoy) |
| Comparison | Figurative expressions that connect two different objects with some common features. | "It is not grass leaning to the ground - the mother longs for her dead son" |
| Metaphor | An expression that is transferred from one subject to another according to the principle of similarity. Moreover, for the second subject, a specific action or adjective is unusual. | "Snow is lying," "The moon is pouring light." |
| Personification | The attribution of certain human feelings, emotions or actions to an object to which they are not peculiar. | "The sky is crying," "It's raining." |
| Irony | A mockery that usually reveals a meaning contrary to the real. | An ideal example is Dead Souls (Gogol) |
| Allusion | The use of elements in a work that point to another text, action or historical facts. Most often used in foreign literature. | Of the Russian writers, Akunin most successfully uses the allusion. For example, in his novel "The whole world is a theater", a reference to the theatrical production of "Poor Liza" (Karamzin) |
| Replay | A word or phrase that is repeated several times in one sentence. | “Fight, my boy, Fight, and become a man” (Lawrence) |
| Pun | A few words in one sentence that are similar in sound. | "He is an apostle, and I am a mutt" (Vysotsky) |
| Aphorism | A short saying, which contains a generalizing philosophical conclusion. | At the moment, phrases from many works of classical literature have become aphorisms. “A rose smells like a rose, even though you call it a rose, at least not” (Shakespeare) |
| Parallel designs | A bulky sentence that allows readers to compose an associative connection. | Most often used in composing advertising slogans. "Mars. Everything will be in chocolate" |
| Streamlined expressions | Universal epigraphs that students use when writing essays. | Most often used in the preparation of advertising slogans. "We will change life for the better." |
| Contamination | Compilation of one word from two different. | Most often used in composing advertising slogans. "Fantastic bottle" |
To summarize
Thus, literary techniques are so diverse that the authors have a wide scope for their use. It should be noted that excessive enthusiasm for these elements will not make a beautiful work. It is necessary to be restrained in their use in order to make the reading smooth and soft.
It should be said about one more function that literary devices possess. It lies in the fact that only with the help of them it is often possible to revive the character, create the necessary atmosphere, which is rather difficult without visual effects. However, in this case, one should not be zealous, because when the intrigue grows, but the denouement does not come nearer, the reader will certainly begin to run his eyes ahead in order to calm himself. In order to learn how to use literary techniques expertly, you need to familiarize yourself with the works of authors who already know how to do it.