Every citizen knows what constitutes military service. But do all the inhabitants of Russia know the Federal Law "On Military Service and Military Duty"? The main provisions of this bill will be presented in the article.
Military service
What does the Federal Law "On Military Service and Military Duty" say about the very concept of military service? According to the bill, this is a special type of state duty executed by Russian citizens who do not have foreign citizenship. How exactly should the service be carried out? According to the law, ordinary citizens - on a voluntary basis or by draft, and by foreign nationals - under a contract.
The service is carried out in the following instances:
- Armed forces of the Russian Federation ;
- Russian National Guard;
- engineering and other military units;
- rescue units;
- Russian foreign intelligence agencies ;
- authorities of the Russian federal security service;
- The Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation and in some other instances and bodies.
Military duty
The Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" considers military duty as a combination of the following elements:
- Military registration.
- Call for service.
- Preparation for military service.
- Stay in stock.
- Passage of conscription service.
- Military fees.
The Law "On Military Service and Military Duty" also regulates the processes that should take place during the mobilization period. So, in wartime, military service of Russian citizens should be determined by federal or federal constitutional laws. Normative acts related to mobilization processes, as a rule, provide for:
- call for service during the time of war, martial law or mobilization;
- special training and direct service.
Citizens of the Russian Federation may be exempted from military duty only in exceptional cases prescribed in the relevant federal laws. It is worth noting the possibility of alternative (civilian) conscription in exchange for the military.
Military accounting
The Law "On Military Service and Military Duty" also regulates the process of organizing military registration. All Russian citizens must be accounted for, with the exception of:
- women
- persons serving sentences in prisons;
- persons exempted from military service;
- persons already on military service.
The entire procedure for military registration is regulated by the federal law approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. Accounting should be made by military commissariats at the place of residence of citizens. Sometimes the commissariats can have their own structural units. All powers of military commissars can be transferred to local authorities. In this case, we will talk about the so-called primary military registration.
The military registration and enlistment offices are required to collect the following information about each registered citizen:
- name, patronymic and last name;
- marital status;
- Date of Birth;
- citizen education;
- place of work;
- degree of fitness for military service and some other data.
On preparing a citizen for service
The Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" also regulates the process of preparing citizens for military service. In particular, it is worth highlighting the following:
- gaining knowledge in the field of defense;
- patriotic education;
- basic military training;
- training in the accounting and military specialties of sailors, soldiers, foremen and sergeants.
Every citizen who expects service in military structures should have basic knowledge in the field of defense and military affairs. Knowledge should be obtained in educational institutions as part of a secondary education program.
About call to service
The Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" regulates the entire process of recruitment. So, according to the draft law under consideration, the following categories of citizens are subject to military draft:
- males from 18 to 27 years old;
- persons in stock;
- persons registered with the military, or persons not on the lists, but required to be registered.
The following categories of citizens are entitled to exemption from military service:
- persons already performing military service;
- persons recognized to be of limited serviceability for health reasons.
The following persons are not subject to military service:
- having a criminal record - outstanding or unrequited;
- serving sentences;
- in respect of which a criminal case has been instituted.
Separate categories of citizens can be obtained the so-called deferment from military service. It is worth highlighting people studying in higher educational institutions, citizens raising two or more children, as well as citizens engaged in the constant care of some close relative.
Contract service
The Federal Law of Russia "On Military Duty and Military Service" also regulates the performance of military service under a contract. What is a contract? This is an agreement between a citizen and the Russian Ministry of Defense. The contract should contain provisions on the voluntary entry of a citizen into the service, as well as on the timing of military service.
The contract comes into force from the date of its signing. He terminates his action on the day of exclusion of a soldier from special lists. The conclusion of the contract is governed by the Federal Law under consideration, various provisions and regulations.
A foreigner can also perform military service under a contract. To do this, you must undergo a special medical examination. A foreigner entering the service must have a good command of the Russian language and correspond to a special psychological selection.
On the performance of duties
The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service" regulates the basic duties of military personnel. So, the person performing military duties should:
- take part in hostilities, fulfill their duties in a state of emergency or martial law;
- participate in the maintenance of international peace and security;
- to perform their main duties;
- carry combat duty, perform duties as part of a daily outfit;
- execute orders or orders given by the commander;
- to be on a business trip;
- be, if necessary, on treatment;
- undergo military training;
- follow to the place of military service, as well as perform many other assigned duties.
About dismissal
The Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service", namely its seventh section, regulates the procedure for dismissal from service. What should be highlighted here?
If we are talking about senior officers, then dismissal can only be carried out by the President of Russia. As a rule, military personnel are retired - with the exception of those who are retired due to health reasons. Which servicemen are not eligible for dismissal followed by registration? Here it is worth highlighting:
- dismissed;
- female persons dismissed or expelled from military professional organizations;
- foreign citizens;
- persons in respect of whom a sentence of sentencing has entered into force;
- persons who have chosen upon termination of permanent residence abroad.
And what should be the grounds for dismissal? It is worth highlighting the types of layoffs :
- by age;
- upon expiration of the contractual or draft service;
- due to poor health;
- in connection with the deprivation of the previously received military rank;
- due to the loss of confidence of senior officials.
Thus, the Federal Law of Russia "On Military Duty and Military Service" enshrines a fairly large number of points related to dismissals.
About Armed Stock
And what is the reserve in the ranks of the army of the Russian Federation? The bill under consideration speaks in this case of the so-called mobilization deployment of all military formations of the Russian Federation in necessary cases.
By reserve is meant a human mobilization reserve. This reserve includes citizens who have concluded an agreement with the Ministry of Defense on their stay in the reserve. At the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation or of a separate federal body, the military stock will have to be collected and formed on a territorial basis.
It is also worth noting that enrollment in the reserve should come from the number of people dismissed from military service , as well as from the number of citizens who have successfully completed their studies at military higher education organizations.