The classification of construction projects takes place according to a large number of criteria and is very extensive. It is not easy for a person far from the construction sector to find out this variety of residential and public buildings, buildings and structures. Consider what constitutes an extensive group of linear structures.
What it is?
In simple terms, a linear object is any object whose dimensions in length will significantly exceed its width. This group of capital construction objects will include various engineering networks, pipelines, roads (both automobile and rail), as well as bridges, tunnels, subways, cable cars , etc. The location of a linear object is formed by a polyline - that is, a broken curve, which may inter alia intersect with itself.
In general terms, the design principles of such objects do not differ significantly from the creation of other projects in construction, but they have a number of subtleties in the collection of initial data, the development and preparation of documentation and its coordination with various government agencies.
Features
Such objects are more often scaled, covering significant distances, sometimes even in several regions of the country. And when it comes to large similar construction projects, their belonging to linear is not in doubt. But with smaller and local works, controversial situations may arise.
For example, even the reconstruction of a road section with the installation of a bus stop can, if desired, be reasonably considered to be a linear object. As well as small sections of the water supply system, it is possible to design a connection of communications to residential or public buildings. In other words, it is sometimes difficult to make a clear distinction between linear and area objects. Sometimes they are combined. For example, the pipeline itself will be a linear structure, but the substations serving it will be an area.
In case of doubt, it is better to consult with the organization that will subsequently conduct an examination of this facility. As a rule, they do not refuse to answer questions and give explanations, and this protects from lengthy and voluminous alterations of project documentation.
Classification
A line feature will always be a structure, not a building. Designed for various types of production processes, the movement of both people and goods, the unstable presence of people, as well as the preservation of products; has bearing, and sometimes enclosing elements in the structure.
Relative to the surface of the earth, a linear object can be ground, underground and aboveground. According to the purpose, it is possible to derive transport communications, collector systems (storm and sewer), channels for water supply, land irrigation, communication lines, pipelines for oil products, gas, water.
In normative documents, a linear object is a fairly open concept, i.e. a number of objects are listed, but there is room for adding other structures at the discretion of developers and designers in specific situations.
Property Issues
Legal registration of a linear object remains controversial and difficult from the point of view of legislation - both land and urban planning. A number of such facilities require full ownership of the section below them (for example, roads, some pipelines with high pressure, etc.), while others do not exclude the use of this section for its intended purpose. So, for example, underground cables may well be under someone else's land tenure. In this case, the owner of this property may have some inconvenience in using it or face restrictions.
In the event that a privately owned land plot is required for the planned linear object, the so-called public easement (the right to use someone else's land property within a limited framework). If the easement leads to the complete impossibility of using private territory, then its owner has the right to demand compensation payments. Moreover, they can be obtained both through local authorities, and on behalf of the organization or the person in whose favor this easement was made.
Security zones
Linear objects have an ROW, i.e. area in which the construction of other structures is partially or completely prohibited, there are other restrictions. Within the ROW, it is not permitted to:
- perform any work not related to the repair, maintenance or reconstruction of such an object;
- engage in agricultural activities, violate the integrity of green spaces;
- construction of buildings and structures not intended for the maintenance of this facility;
- to establish advertising structures, billboards with information, etc., that are not consistent with the owners of the object.
Land use problems
Outside the ROW, limited land use conditions may be established. In other words, no object is located on the site, the territory can be used by the owner for its intended purpose, but with some restrictions. For example, if a linear object under construction is located in the zone of possible landslides, then to prevent them it is not allowed to cut down tree plantations in a large area around it. It is also forbidden to prevent operating organizations and emergency services from reaching the facility for preventive maintenance and emergency response.
If the construction of linear facilities requires temporary use of private land for work, then upon completion of construction these lands should be restored and reclaimed. For the duration of the work, these territories are leased.
Project documentation
The planning project for a linear facility is quite extensive and includes 10 sections: explanatory note, design of the right of way, solutions to this facility directly (both technological and constructive), a set of buildings and structures in the infrastructure of the facility under construction, PIC, design documentation describing the work on demolition and dismantling of the facility, papers governing the provision of fire safety and nature protection, estimates, as well as in special cases determined by law, other documents. All of the above documentation is subject to state examination.
Depending on the requirements of the developer, the working draft of a linear object may have a different degree of detail. Its specific volume and composition is also determined by the customer. Working documentation is allowed to be formed both simultaneously with the design and after it in the course of implementation.