Life in a modern city negatively affects health. Constant stress, poor environmental conditions and regular noise can make you restless. An increased level of anxiety affects the psychological state of a person. Therefore, sound absorbing materials are widely used.
This type of material mainly consists of spongy and foam components. Due to the porosity of the structure, they do not reflect sound, but absorb it into themselves.
Scope of application
Nowadays, a lot of soundproofing materials are used for industrial, residential, cultural and entertainment facilities, as well as for cars.
In cars, often along with sound-absorbing materials, vibration-absorbing products are used.
In industrial premises, sound insulation is installed in accordance with the prescribed state standards for workrooms.
Sound absorbing materials are widely used in the construction of various sports facilities. Active movement and strokes during the work of sports equipment and training with the ball create a characteristic sound background. These rooms use soundproofing and shock absorbing materials that well absorb various waves.
Sound insulation materials are used for rooms that work with acoustic devices. These are recording studios, concert halls and movie theaters.
Sound-absorbing materials are also used for residential buildings. During the construction of modern houses, not very high-quality sound insulation is often laid. Therefore, it is necessary to take additional measures to improve it in order to ensure a comfortable stay.
Types of noise and their isolation
In each case, a specific material is used. Its appearance depends on the type of noise produced. There are three types of noise.
1. Aerial noise is created by a variety of household appliances, cars and loud conversations. To protect against this kind of sound effective multilayer sound insulation of the ceiling. It can be soft fibrous materials made of mineral wool and glass wool. They are laid in the frame system and filed with drywall. Stretch ceilings and acoustic suspended ceilings, which have a sound-absorbing effect and are completely environmentally friendly, can also help with airborne noise.
2. Impact noises are felt when exposed to the floor. They can appear during repair work and children's games. In this case, noise absorbing panels for the ceiling with a special closed cellular structure can help. Various porous materials are also used, but they must be laid on the floor, then the ceiling of the lower room will be protected from noise. For this, cork, rubberized substrates, composite material or expanded polystyrene can be used. The main thing is to create a floating floor, consisting of several layers.
3. Structural noise is created when the main load-bearing structures are connected without the use of noise insulation materials. Then the sound effect will spread throughout the building, regardless of the source of occurrence. This kind of noise is much more difficult to handle. To protect the joints of load-bearing structures, it is necessary to purchase cushioning material. It can be an elastomeric material, fiberglass or vibroacoustic sealant.
Sound absorbing materials
To effectively eliminate various sound noise in three directions - ceilings, walls and floor - various sound-absorbing material is used. For walls, such protection is especially important. For example, in panel houses, the main amount of noise penetrates through the walls, even a quiet cry of a child is heard. This leads to an unbalanced state and conflicts with neighbors. Therefore, dense sound-absorbing panels are most often used for soundproofing walls.
Depending on the degree of rigidity of the material, there are:
- Soft insulation materials. Their basis is cotton wool, glass wool, felt or jute. The absorption coefficient is 70%. Advantage - low bulk density - 70 kg / m 3 ;
- Semi-rigid materials. This is pressed mineral wool or fiberglass in the form of plates. Or cellular materials in their structure (for example, polyurethane foam). Sound insulation coefficient - 50-75%. Bulk weight - 80-130 kg / m 3 ;
- Solid materials. Their basis is granular or suspended mineral wool. Sound absorption - 50%. Bulk weight - 400 kg / m 3 .
Sandwich Type Sound Absorption
Sound-absorbing materials in such systems are layered. That is, the design consists of hard layers on the outside, dense and soft inside.
Hard layers can be made of floor slabs or drywall sheets. In this case, sound insulation is directly proportional to their density. A dense soft material acts as a sound absorber. This is already mentioned glass wool or other materials with a fibrous structure. The thickness of the material, as a rule, is not less than 5 cm. The material should fill the space inside at least half.
What are noise absorbing products?
There are many finished sound absorbing products. For example, panels. They are used for all kinds of protective screens and for soundproofing the surfaces of the room. The panel consists of a frame, inside of which there is a special sound-absorbing insert. This insert contains sound-absorbing elements made of cermet or foam aluminum.
In the arsenal of materials to combat noise are sound-absorbing fences. They come from concrete, corrugated board, and can be concrete fences. Monolithic fences are made of blocks, stone or brick. Concrete fences are installed very quickly and have increased functionality. They can be made of decorative concrete. The sound-absorbing properties of the corrugated fence are weaker than concrete or monolithic. But they are more affordable.
A good way to eliminate the noise effect indoors is by a sound-absorbing door. The interior door in the apartment acts as a heat and sound insulation. Effective sound insulation of door structures consists of the following important factors:
- Door material: glass inserts, solid wood, canvas with filler.
- Web design: swinging, folding, folding.
- The tightness of the door module, which creates the necessary tightness.
Summary
The modern market has a huge amount of noise reduction tools. These are materials used both indoors and outdoors. Therefore, it is very responsible to approach the issue of sound insulation. After all, correctly selected and installed sound-absorbing materials are able to maintain a calm and comfortable atmosphere in any room.