The most common pathological types of breathing

Pathological types of breathing are a condition characterized by a group rhythm, often accompanied by periodic stops or intermittent breaths.

Reasons for violation

In case of violation of the rhythm of inspiration and exit, depth, as well as pauses and changes in respiratory movements, pathological types of breathing are observed. The reasons for this may include:

1. The accumulation in the blood of metabolic products.
2. Hypoxia and hypercapnia caused by acute circulatory failure.
3. Violation of lung ventilation caused by intoxication of various types.
4. Edema of the reticular formation.
5. Damage to the respiratory system by a viral infection.
6. Circulatory disturbance in the brain stem.

During the violation, patients may complain of blurred consciousness, intermittent respiratory arrest, increased inspiration or expiration. With a pathological type of breathing, an increase in blood pressure can be observed during the amplification phase, and on weakening it drops.

Types of pathological breathing

There are several types of abnormal breathing. The most common include those associated with the imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. This type of ailment includes the following types:

• Chain stokes.
• Kussmaul.
• Grocco.
• Biott's breath.

Each type has its own characteristics.

Chain Stokes Type

This type of pathological breathing is characterized by the frequency of respiratory movements with pauses of different lengths. So, the duration can reach a minute. At the same time, patients first note short stops, without any sounds. Gradually, the duration of the pause increases, breathing becomes noisy. By about the eighth breath, the duration of the stop reaches its maximum. Then everything happens in reverse order.

In patients with the Cheyne-Stokes type, the amplitude increases during chest movements. Then there is a fading of movements, up to a complete stop of breathing for a while. Then the process is restored, starting the cycle again.

This type of pathological breathing in humans is accompanied by apnea for up to one minute. In most cases, the Cheyne-Stokes type occurs due to brain hypoxia, but can be recorded in cases of poisoning, uremia, cerebral hemorrhage, and various injuries.

Clinically, this type of disorder is manifested by clouding of consciousness, up to its complete loss, cardiac arrhythmias, paroxysmal shortness of breath.

Resume breathing restores the brain’s oxygen supply, shortness of breath passes, clarity of consciousness normalizes, patients recover.

Biott Type

The pathological type of respiration of Biota is a periodic violation in which there is an alternation of rhythmic movements with long pauses. Their duration can reach one and a half minutes.

This type of pathology occurs in brain lesions, pre-shock and shock conditions. Also, this variety can develop with infectious pathologies that affect the organs of the respiratory system. In some cases, the pathological type of Biott breathing is caused by problems from the central nervous system.

Biott's type leads to serious cardiac abnormalities.

Pathological type of Grocco

Grocco's breath is also called a wavelike subspecies. In its course, it is similar to the Cheyne-Stokes type, but instead of pauses, weak, shallow breaths and exhalations are observed. Behind it there is an increase in the depth of breathing, and then a decrease.

This type of dyspnea is arrhythmic. He can go to Chain Stokes and back.

Kussmaul's breath

This variety was first described by the German scientist A. Kussmaul in the century before last. This type of pathology is manifested in severe ailments. During Kussmaul's breathing, patients experience noisy convulsive breaths with rare deep breathing movements and their complete stop.

Kussmaul type refers to terminal types of respiration, which can be observed with hepatic, diabetic coma, as well as poisoning with alcohols and other substances. As a rule, patients are in a coma.

Pathological breathing: table

The presented table with pathological types of breathing will help to more clearly see their main similarities and differences.

Deeply pathological processes and severe acidification of the blood lead to solitary sighs and various rhythm disorders. Pathological types can be observed with a variety of clinical ailments. This can be not only a coma, but also ARVI, tonsillitis, meningitis, pneumorox, gasping syndrome, paralysis. Most often, changes are associated with impaired brain function, bleeding.