All surfaces and structures that may be in contact with moisture during operation are in need of protection from water. If we are talking about a country house, then this should include roofs, cellars, as well as foundations. Inside the apartment or dwelling, these are bathrooms and bathrooms, where flooding and leaks are possible.
Inside structures, waterproofing is required for insulation materials that need protection from precipitation and condensation. Protecting materials from water is necessary not only where there is a possibility of its penetration, but also where condensate and washer water can adversely affect structures. For this, different types of waterproofing are used today, which can be classified by place of application and purpose.
Varieties of waterproofing at the place of application and time of use
When considering types of waterproofing, you should familiarize yourself with the materials that are classified by place of use. Materials for such work can be designed for external or internal application. Internal waterproofing is a whole range of measures that allows you to protect materials from indoor water. This should include work on waterproofing the floor and walls in the bathroom.
Outside the structure, external waterproofing is used. For example, a foundation needs protection from groundwater. When considering types of waterproofing, it is worth highlighting materials that are classified by time of use. Thus, waterproofing can be primary and secondary. Primary is used during the construction phase of the facility, while secondary is used for repairs.
For example, if for some reason the primary waterproofing was damaged or does not cope with the tasks, then measures are taken for secondary waterproofing. In this case, the old coating must be removed, the surface cleaned, and then a new layer of waterproofing applied. Sometimes technology is used when a new layer is applied over the old.
Varieties of waterproofing for its intended purpose and features
Different types of waterproofing are presented on the market today. They can be subdivided according to features and purpose, among them it should be distinguished:
- pressure head;
- pressureless;
- anticapillary;
- superficial;
- sealing.
Pressure head is used to protect against positive water pressure. If the groundwater level is high enough, then the outer walls of the basement should be protected by anti-pressure waterproofing. In this case, materials are used that will be able to undergo a positive water pressure.
Non-pressure waterproofing is used when it is necessary to protect the structure from negative water pressure. Such work may be required with heavy rainfall or spring floods that accumulate around the foundation. Anticapillary waterproofing allows you to protect materials from rising moisture through the capillaries. Such work is required due to the fact that many building materials have the ability to suck in water, which then rises to the top. Among others, brick and concrete should be highlighted.
Varieties of waterproofing by arrangement
Considering the types of waterproofing, you will also learn about materials that are divided by the method of arrangement, they can be:
- painting;
- plastering;
- cast;
- injectable;
- mounted;
- film;
- smear;
- okleechny;
- impregnating;
- bulk;
- structural.
The use of coating waterproofing
Waterproofing of structures is often carried out with coating materials, which are represented by mastics, two-component and one-component elastic compounds. Their application is carried out by a layer ranging in thickness from 2 mm to 6 cm. Such waterproofing of structures is used for external protection of building elements.
Quite often, coating waterproofing is used for foundations to protect them from groundwater. Mastic can also be used for interior work. In this case, it covers the walls of the basement or bathroom. Using coating waterproofing, cracks can be fixed.
Lubricants are bitumen-containing compounds. Among the advantages of such a solution can be identified cheapness. However, there are also disadvantages, which are expressed in fragility at low temperatures. Bitumen begins to lose elasticity when the thermometer drops below zero. If deformations occur during this period, this will cause the formation of tears and cracks. Over time, the material may completely peel off the surface.
Bituminous mastic for waterproofing is ready to last about 6 years. Material breaks down sometimes after just four winter cycles. The disadvantage of using such waterproofing is also the danger of working with hot bitumen. In addition, the surface requires careful preparation. It should be cleaned from sagging, debris, dust and mortar.
Coating waterproofing work can only be carried out in dry weather. Having considered all the features of this approach, we can conclude that bitumen mastic for waterproofing can only be used in cases where the likelihood of leaks is quite small. This should include an example in which the groundwater level is low. A similar technology on the roof is no longer relevant, because in the cold concrete crackes, and ice becomes a cause of material breaks. As a result, by spring the surface loses its tightness.
Features of waterproofing waterproofing
Okleechnaya waterproofing involves the use of roll materials, which are stacked in several layers. This approach is used only for external anti-pressure waterproofing. The most popular solutions for carrying out such work are:
- roofing material;
- only;
- fiberglass-based bitumen materials;
- glassine;
- polymerized bitumen materials;
- rubber bitumen.
If the external waterproofing will be carried out using modern rolls with polymer additives, it will be possible to achieve a positive result. The waterproofing layer will be durable, mold will not form on its surface, it will not rot. The advantages of pasting materials can be considered the possibility of laying them on different surfaces by type:
- wood;
- metal;
- concrete;
- flat slate;
- old roll cover;
- asphalt concrete.
Such waterproofing is waterproof, resistant to aggressive environments and economical. However, the surface must first be carefully prepared. It is important to eliminate irregularities that exceed 2 mm. Fusion or gluing must be carried out with extreme care.
Work can begin when the thermometer has risen above +10 ° C. Under the influence of mechanical stresses, the material can break, therefore it is desirable to protect it. Quite often, this technology is used to waterproof the foundation. Having considered the types of waterproofing, you may decide that these options are not suitable for you. This may be due to the need to additionally perform the pressure wall. In addition, it is important to ensure a low level of surface moisture before gluing the material. If the concrete is wet, then there will be no adhesion.
Painting waterproofing
The painting layer is applied with a thickness ranging from 3 to 6 mm. The film is quite elastic and has no seams. You can make such a waterproofing bathtub under the tile. However, painting mastics are also used for external work. With the help of these compounds it is possible to deal with crumbling, cracks and erosion. As materials, bituminous mastics with the addition of asbestos and talc are used, as well as compositions based on synthetic resins. Similar technologies are cheap. It is worth highlighting the vapor permeability and abrasion resistance among the advantages. However, there are drawbacks, one of them is expressed in fragility. This coating is ready to last about 6 years.
Sprayable liquid waterproofing
Quite often, waterproofing is carried out by sprayed liquid materials. They are represented by polymer-bitumen emulsions, which are created on a water basis. Such mixtures are also called liquid rubber. They can be one- or two-component, and the application is carried out using special equipment. A similar approach is relevant not only for basements, but also for roofs. The advantages are the ability of liquid rubber to fill even small pores.
Waterproofing the pool with liquid rubber allows you to form a sealed coating. Before you begin, you must take into account some of the disadvantages of this method, they are expressed in the temperature regime, which should be kept within certain limits. Liquid rubber can only be used at +5 ° C and above.
During operation, such waterproofing should not be damaged. She is afraid of punctures. Before applying the coating, dry the surface and make sure that it is not frozen. A complex relief will require a more impressive consumption of material, which becomes the reason for the cost of work. Spraying is hampered by strong winds, so for work it is necessary to wait for suitable conditions.
Penetrating waterproofing
The basement can be waterproofed using penetrating materials that can prevent capillary water from rising. A composition of this type is a mixture of:
- active chemical additives;
- fine quartz sand;
- Portland cement.
Application is carried out on a wet surface, after which the composition begins to come into contact with water, forming crystals that fill capillaries, cracks and pores. The penetration depth can reach 25 cm. Some manufacturers claim that the composition penetrates 90 cm into the concrete.
Basement waterproofing using this technology is quite effective. If it was not possible to dig out the foundation, then the processing can be carried out from the inside. Penetrating materials can be waterproofed different containers by type of silo pits. Among the advantages, it is necessary to highlight the possibility of carrying out work inside the basement. There is no need to dig out the foundation. Drying the surface is also not required. After waterproofing, the material is protected not only outside but also inside. He is ready to serve a fairly long period. At the same time, concrete retains the ability to vapor permeability.
Waterproofing works in a wooden house
Waterproofing in a wooden house is necessary. In order to prevent floor boards from becoming unusable prematurely, a horizontal waterproofing should be laid between the foundation and the lower rim. Usually it is made of bituminous mastic and rolled materials. In those places where the lag supports are located, it is also necessary to arrange waterproofing. To prevent condensation in the underfloor, ventilation holes must be provided in the opposite walls.
The foundation outside will need to be covered with liquid or film waterproofing materials. There should also be waterproofing inside. The basement in this case will remain dry even during spring floods. As for the wooden floor in a wooden house, it can be protected with the following types of waterproofing:
- painting;
- cast;
- okleechnaya;
- impregnating.
Gummy waterproofing requires the formation of a continuous carpet of bitumen-polymer, bitumen or polymer materials. Before starting laying the first layer, the rough plank floor or concrete slab is cleaned of debris and dust, leveled and treated with a primer. If the overlap is timbered or plank, then it must be treated with antiseptic compounds and flame retardants.
Then you should start laying waterproofing material. The joints, if any, are glued, and the next layer is laid on top of the mastic, which processes the material laid down in the previous step. After such preparation, you can lay a fine wooden floor.
Roofing Isolation
Waterproofing with roofing material involves the use of roll material, which is laid by gluing. Roofing material is strengthened on the surface using bituminous mastics. The viscosity of the materials allows to achieve excellent results and protects the base, foundation or basement from the penetration of water. If bonding with roofing material is combined with plaster insulation of a brick foundation, this will significantly extend the life of the layer.
The use of liquid glass
Liquid glass for waterproofing is used quite often today. The base material is sodium silicate or potassium silicate, the latter option is more expensive. Application of liquid glass is carried out using a spray gun or brush. In the first case, the mixture is dissolved in water in a ratio of 1 to 5. At the same time, it is possible to reduce consumption. Liquid glass protects wood from fungus and mold, increasing its fire resistance. Liquid glass for waterproofing is also used as an intermediate layer before laying tiles or applying plaster. The outer layer is able to protect the surface from mechanical damage, mold and acid exposure.
Waterproofing of the Cerezit brand
Ceresit waterproofing is offered for sale in various forms. For example, CR 65 is a dry mixture that is resistant to low temperatures, is not exposed to salt and alkali, and is also easy to use. Application should be done with a brush or spatula. Work can be carried out indoors or outdoors.
Ceresit waterproofing is also offered in the CL 51 variety, which has the form of a one-component polymer dispersion and has a high degree of elasticity. It is used indoors and is excellent for waterproofing warm floors.