Today, grapes are known all over the world, they appreciate it for tasty and healthy berries, for the amazing wines that winemakers make from it. It began to be cultivated in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in the 5-6th millennium BC, but it appeared long before man.
Today, there are 8,000 grape varieties that, over 10,000 years of cultivation, have developed into its main types - American, East Asian and Eurasian. Often, gardeners plant its bushes in their plots or create beautiful vine arches in the courtyards.
Choosing a place to land
Many summer residents dream of having tasty and healthy grapes growing on their plot. The scheme for planting this shrub begins with the right choice of place. It is determined by climatic conditions and the location of the site:
- If the summer is dry and there is no possibility of frequent watering, then you can arrange the vineyard in the place of the closest occurrence of groundwater.
- When the summer is cool, the grapes have to fight for heat, so to preserve it, you can plant trees around the bushes that will hold it.
- The grape planting scheme in humid climates requires a natural or bulk slope for good ventilation. Bushes need to be planted across it so that the landslides that form during irrigation do not pull them down.
- Often gardeners prefer to plant grapes near the house. The landing scheme in this case assumes a minimum distance of 2 m from the structure. This will protect the foundation from the appearance of cracks.
Important for the future abundant harvest is the preparation of the soil before planting grapes.
Soil preparation
The grape planting scheme in spring involves the preparation of planting pits. Loamy soil and sandy loam are more suitable for this plant, but other types of soil can also be adapted. For black soil, for example, it is enough to add sand and fertilizers, and the rapid growth of seedlings is ensured.
Preparation of planting pits should be carried out either in the fall, or 3-6 weeks before planting the cuttings. During this time, the pit will settle, and the fertilizers introduced into it will be absorbed by the soil and distributed over it.
A properly dug hole, as indicated by the grape planting scheme (photo below), should have parameters 60x60x60 cm or more. When digging a hole, the fertile layer of land should be set aside to fertilize.
To do this is simple by mixing the soil with humus and a can of ash. The lower layer is mixed with crushed stone and sand and laid on the bottom of the pit for 20-25 cm. The next layer is a fertile fertilized mixture for another 20-25 cm. After that, planting material should be prepared.
Preparation of seedlings and cuttings
The grape planting scheme involves 2 methods - cuttings or seedlings.
Planting by cuttings has its own technology:
- Chubuk grapes should be pre-cut. To do this, with a sharp knife, the lower part is cut off at the very bottom eye, and 2-3 cm of vines above the upper eye are left on top.
- The cuttings must be saturated with moisture, for which they put it in clean water for 2 days.
- After the chubuk is filled with water, its upper part should be dipped in molten paraffin, and the lower part should be placed in a growth stimulator made from 1 teaspoon of honey per 1 liter of water. Soak cuttings in solution for 24 hours.
After that, the chubuk can be planted in a prepared landing pit. To cuttings sprouted faster, you can carry out preparatory work in February, planting them in plastic glasses or bottles.
After carrying out preliminary work in the spring in the open field, it will not be a problem to plant grapes. The landing scheme begins with the preparation of containers:
- At the bottle you need to cut off the neck and make holes on the bottom.
- Drainage is poured at the bottom, and over it 7-8 tbsp. tablespoons of soil.
- Insert the shank into the bottle and sprinkle with steamed sawdust.
- Cover the shoot with a plastic glass and put it on the windowsill from the sunny side, unfolding the peephole from the window.
- Bottles should be placed in a pan and irrigated by pouring 0.5 cm of water into it.
Glasses from bottles do not need to be removed until the shoots become crowded in them. The temperature regime, which is required for growing seedlings, is +20 ... +25 degrees. Thus, by the time of landing in the open ground, the Chubuki will give strong roots, and the grapes will grow faster.
Planting grapes with seedlings
The scheme for planting grape seedlings is extremely simple. After the landing pits are prepared, the roots should be cut off from the seedlings, leaving only 10-15 cm in length. During planting, it is important to distribute them evenly along the bottom of the pit at a distance of 35-45 cm from the surface.
It is recommended to tilt the vine towards its further development. This will help insulate young bushes for the winter, incline them to the ground.
The roots are covered with a pre-prepared mixture of earth and carefully watered with warm water. Usually 2-3 buckets are enough, after which the soil is mulched by 5 cm with peat or chopped straw and grass.
If frost is possible on the soil, then seedlings should be covered overnight with cardboard boxes or plastic wrap until they get stronger.
Grape Care After Planting
Want to grow delicious grapes? The planting scheme does not end with transplanting seedlings into open ground. It is important to properly care for young cuttings:
- Grapes love loose soil with good ventilation, so loosen the earth often.
- Watering should be done only under the root, so that there is no subsidence of the soil. In the first two weeks after planting, the plant especially needs watering. Since he needs to adapt to the new environment. Watering should be frequent and plentiful, especially if the weather is dry.
- It is important to ensure that young seedlings do not obscure, as they need a lot of sunlight for fast growth.
- Young leaves require additional fertilizing, which can be done with urea. The first spraying is carried out as soon as the leaves are formed, the next - after 2 weeks, when the vines grow rapidly. Further spraying schedule: every 30 days until mid-September.
Performing these simple steps regularly, after 2 years you can get strong and healthy bushes, and in the third you can collect a solid crop.
Prevention
In order for young vine bushes to grow fully, they should be protected from pests and diseases, especially from mildew. Young bushes should be sprayed in spring with a solution of copper sulfate at the rate of 100 g per 10 liters of water.
In summer, spraying is carried out with a solution (25 g per 10 liters of water) of polychrome for prevention and after each rain. This precaution will protect plants from rot and fungal diseases.