The Department for Combating Economic Crimes (OBEP) is a unit within the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It provides and carries out the functions of the ministry in the field of economic security of the state. In addition, OBEP solves other problems in accordance with federal law and orders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Now the BEP formation is called the economic security and
anti-corruption units (EBiPK). They are headed by the Main Directorate (GUEBiPK Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), established on March 1, 2011 in the central office of the Ministry by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 248.
Throughout history, the name of the head office has often changed, as well as its tasks and functions. Especially when in 2003 a staff of 16,000 people from the then-disbanded Federal Tax Police Service was transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Then the ministry was entrusted with most of the functions of the destroyed FSNP.
The Department for Combating Economic Crimes, of course, changed the sign on the model of the head office. But among themselves, employees call it everything also - OBEP. Moscow, as a city of federal significance, has a slightly different structure of the territorial police, in comparison with other subjects of the Russian Federation.
The structure of the divisions of BEP GU MVD of the capital
In the structure, the headquarters of the Moscow police have an EBiPK department. But that is not all. As you know, Moscow consists of ten administrative districts. In each of them there is a Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs reporting directly to the leadership of the metropolitan police. OBEP in the district is also present and is called the department of EBiPK. For example, in the VAO of Moscow, this unit is located at: 2nd Vladimirskaya Street, 14. We will not go down to the regional police departments. And now for the brief story.
Trade Police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire
The first attempt to create a special service to combat crime in the economy was made in the 19th century. It was a very timely decision.
The first department for combating economic crimes was created by the head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire, Count L. A. Perovsky in 1842 and was called the "trade police." It included: vowels of the city duma, alternately allocated for a month, and a trade deputation, which was annually chosen by the merchants. This service functioned in parallel with the city police and had the right to demand assistance from it at any time.
Overpricing, body kit, deception, sale of unusable products significantly worsened the plight of the poor population of Russia. Therefore, the trade police was required to:
- set prices for bread and meat;
- monitor merchants to avoid fraud, measurements and body kits;
- prohibit the purchase of products and their resale at inflated prices;
- brand measures and scales;
- monitor compliance with sanitary hygiene rules.
Over time, the trade police was disbanded, but it remained in the history of our country as the first attempt to create a special service to combat abuse in the economic sphere. For a long time, control over trade by the Ministry of Internal Affairs was forgotten.
IN THE USSR
In Soviet Russia, the formation of the BHSS-EBiPK service began in 1919. Then the NKVD decided to immediately create an industrial police. Later, on March 16, 1937, a department for combating the theft of social services was created in the Main Directorate of Police of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs. property and speculation. This day is considered the date of formation of the BHSS service.
The mentioned unit lasted until 1991, i.e., until the collapse of the USSR. Then the BHSS service is included in the criminal police as a unit for combating economic crimes (BEP KM Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR). And finally, today this structure is called GUEBiPK.
Thus, the history of service totals more than 170 years.
Tasks and functions of the BEP units
The Department for Combating Economic Crimes has repeatedly changed its name, and the OBEP was not for long. But this did not affect its essence. Prevention, detection, suppression, disclosure of crimes in the field of economics and taxation - the main tasks of the Economic Crimes. What does the department do, if you look in more detail?
The first is the fight against tax offenses. To this end, employees of the BEP units conduct operational investigative measures (ORM). Most often, merchants come into development when they detect signs of tax crimes qualified by Articles 198, 199, 199.1 and 199.2 of the Criminal Code of Russia.
But that is not all. OBEP also conducts ORMs aimed at counteracting other offenses. They are provided for in Section VIII of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Crimes in the Sphere of Economics”.
When conducting an ORM, the activities of businessmen in the following areas often come into the view of the BEP departments:
1. Illegal cashing of funds (articles 171 and 172 of the Criminal Code, respectively). OBEP draws attention to organizations that transfer money to the accounts of one-day firms.
2. Fraud (article 159 of the Criminal Code). Often it is very difficult to correctly qualify. OBEP can see signs of fraud in the actions of merchants if:
1) there is no initial opportunity to fulfill contractual obligations;
2) the entrepreneur evades contact with the counterparty, ignores his official claims and a number of other facts.
3.
Smuggling and non-payment of customs payments (Articles 188 and 194 of the Criminal Code, respectively). At this time, goods are often imported into the Russian Federation in violation of applicable law under various "black" and "gray" schemes.
4. Unreasonable VAT refund. This violation also falls under the article “Fraud”. It should be noted that today the state takes an extremely tough position on this issue. Criminal proceedings are instituted if there is the slightest hint of this fraud and, as a rule, are monitored by higher law enforcement agencies.
5. Corruption manifestations. This includes crimes provided for in articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation 159 (fraud), 290 and 291 (receiving and giving a bribe, respectively). It is worth considering that today the fight against corruption is one of the priority tasks of the BEP divisions.
6. Infringement of copyrights (article 146 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). For the most part, this includes the use of unlicensed software.
Thus, we examined what the BEP units (today's name EBiPK) are, their main tasks, functions and a brief history.