Mushrooms are of great importance to the ecosystem. Besides the fact that they participate in the cycle of substances, decomposing the remains of plants and animals, fungi are a valuable nutrient and a symbiotic organism, especially Basidiomycetes.
Red Book Mushrooms. General information
Until recently, microflora was not sufficiently studied, fungi were given little importance, and strict species counting was not carried out. In addition to the generally accepted biological classification, fungi also have another: edible, inedible, poisonous, medicinal, pests of forests and crops, and others.
Rare mushrooms The Red Book is considered in the section "Plants". It includes 17 species of mushrooms.
Curly griffin (ram mushroom , leaf-shaped tinder ), Curly sparassis (Mushroom cabbage), Ravenel's Mutinus, Purple cobweb, Pestillaceous horned (Club-horned), Chestnut gyropora (chestnut or chestnut mushroom), Lignon-succulent, White-backed boletus, Lignon-succulent Pseudo-birch porphyry porphyry, Girl’s umbrella mushroom, Flake cone cones, branched tinder fungus (Umbrella griffola), Gyropora bluish (bruise), Coral blackberry (Goricius coral), Red grate (Clathrus red), Fly agaric cone dog tinus
Basidiomycetes have special structures for producing spores - basidia. As you can see from the list, all the mushrooms listed in the Red Book belong to only one class - Agaricomycetes. Only higher mushrooms are on the list.
Below will be presented a more detailed description of some species.
White Boletus (Leccinum percandidum)
It belongs to the Department of Basidiomycetes, to the class of Agaricomycetes.
This mushroom, listed in the Red Book, is called aspen white. It looks like a common Boletus red, but has a white hat.
The hat can be up to 25 cm in diameter, the leg is white, thickened to the bottom - club-shaped. The tubular layer is usually white, may be slightly yellowish.
It grows in aspen, in mixed pine-spruce forests.
It can be found in the CIS, especially in the Murmansk, Moscow, Leningrad regions of the Russian Federation. It is quite rare - the status of 3R.
Begins to bear fruit in the middle of July-August.
The mushroom is edible with tasty pulp, but it is worth remembering that the mushroom is a red book, so you can not collect it.
Girl umbrella mushroom (Macrolepiota puellaris)
It belongs to the department of Basidiomycetes, to the class of Agaricomycetes.
This mushroom belongs to the champignon family, so it is edible.
The hat is thin whitish, can reach 10 cm in diameter. The leg is very thin, but high - up to 16 cm.
This mushroom grows on the edges of a mixed forest or pine forest in July-September. Mostly one grows, rarely - in groups. It can be found throughout Eurasia. It is quite rare - the status of 3R.
Mutinus canine (lat.Mutinus caninus)
It belongs to the department of Basidiomycota, to the class of Agaricomycetes.
The mushroom has an elongated shape with a mild hat. The length of the fruiting body reaches 18 cm, the diameter of the legs is 1.5 cm. When the fungus ripens, its top breaks and exposes the pale pink tip.
A rather rare mushroom - 3R status, grows in Europe and North America. It can be found in the coniferous forest, mainly in several pieces, rarely one by one. He likes to grow on rotten snags, rotting stumps, sawdust.
The mushroom has a specific, not very pleasant smell that attracts insects. When beetles or flies gnaw at a part of the fungus - the hleb, it begins to decompose very quickly, for 3-4 days nothing remains from Mutinus.
The fungus is edible, but only when it is not yet ripe - in the egg membrane.
Amanita cone-shaped (Amanita strobiliformis)
This mushroom is also called "Amanita pineal."
It belongs to the department of Basidiomycota, to the class of Agaricomycetes.
This type of fly agaric has a white hat with a diameter of up to 18 cm, a white leg with a height of 15-20 cm.
In the CIS, it is distributed in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Georgia, in Russia only in the Belgorod region. It can be found in mixed forests with trees such as linden, beech, oak, because Amanita is their symbionts.
Begins to bear fruit in August-September.
These Red Book mushrooms are quite rare, as very demanding on external conditions (soil and temperature).
The mushroom is poisonous.
Double netting (Dictiophora duplicata)
Another name - Double dictophore or net-nosed.
It belongs to the department of Basidiomycota, to the class of Agaricomycetes.
The mushroom is somewhat similar to the canine mutin, as belongs to the same genus - Veselka.
A slightly expressed hat has a dark brown, dark gray color at the time of full maturity. The fruit body is elongated with a diameter of up to 5 cm and its color changes depending on the ripening period.
It grows on well-drained soil, with decaying wood individually, less often in groups. Setkonoska can be found in the Moscow region, Belarus, part of Ukraine.
Dictiophore is an edible fungus, but only during the period when it has not yet left the egg membrane. Used in folk medicine for a number of diseases.
As you can see, Red Book mushrooms can be not only edible, but also inedible and poisonous.