Private houses in Russia can be built using a variety of technologies. Such buildings are being built in our country from bricks, timber, logs, foam concrete. But the cheapest type of suburban private houses for many years remain frame. Residential buildings of this variety are being built using a fairly simple technology. And in many cases, the owners of suburban areas build such houses with their own hands. The construction of this type of building is extremely simple. However, before proceeding with the construction, of course, you need to draw up a plan of the frame house, develop a project and make all the necessary drawings.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of buildings of this type is, of course, the cheapness and ease of construction. Also, the owners of suburban areas include their excellent performance as an advantage of frame structures. The microclimate in such houses is usually very good. In this regard, structures of this type are inferior to cobblestone or, for example, brick buildings. But living in such houses is still quite convenient. In winter, it is not cold, and in summer it is not too hot.
A certain drawback of this type of building is its shorter service life than that of more thorough constructions. Such structures require repair more often than brick or log buildings. Yes, and they deteriorate, of course, faster than stone or chopped houses. But such a building can last quite a long time. With proper design and compliance with construction technologies, more than one generation of owners will most likely be able to live in such a house.
Allowed Height Parameters
Such buildings are too large, unlike the same brick or, for example, panel, of course, they do not build. According to the norms of SNIP, the height of the frame house erected using non-combustible insulation should not exceed 2 floors. Moreover, such a building may have in addition:
That is, in fact, houses of this type can have 4 floors - two full and two additional.
Building length, width and ceiling height
Many construction companies today specialize in the construction of frame houses. Such firms develop business plans, including on the basis of current prices for various types of lumber. However, in this case, the main emphasis of the company of this specialization is on the convenience of the internal configuration of the houses being built for future residents. Owners of suburban areas who decided to build such a building on their own consider saving material as a priority. The layout in this case usually just adapts to the design features of the house.
When choosing the dimensions of the frame structure with the independent development of the plan, the owners of suburban areas take into account the standard sizes of the materials used for its construction - boards, timber, OSB. This can significantly save on construction by reducing the number of scraps.
For example, in the market most often you can find a bar and a 6,000 mm board. That is, a plan for a residential frame house should be drawn up and it should be designed in such a way that its length and width are subsequently multiples of this value. When constructing a one-story building, the height of the walls can be selected 3 meters. About 50 cm in this case will go to the insulated floor and attic floor. If it is planned to build a two-story house, the beam will have to be cut so that the ceiling height in the house is equal to the usual 2.5 m.
Small frame houses quite often sheathe it with a board. But during the construction of low-rise suburban buildings of a considerable area, OSB boards are usually used for this purpose. In this case, the orientation in the design of the house is on the dimensions of this particular cladding. After all, the purchase of plates will cost much more than the purchase of a beam for the frame. The optimal parameters of length and width when using OSB as a covering are considered to be 3.75, 5, 6.25, 7.5, 8.75, 10, 11.25, 12.5 m, etc.
The facing material of this variety has a length of 2.5 m. It is such a size that is better to lay in the project as the height of the floors of the frame house.
Features of the layout of a one-story building
Design a frame structure should be so that to live in it subsequently was as convenient as possible. In one-story houses of this type, like any other, the following premises are usually provided:
- kitchen;
- a bathroom;
- living rooms;
- hallway.
The plan of a one-story frame house can be developed independently if desired. Thus, the owners of suburban areas who decide to build a small suburban building most often act. If it is supposed to build a larger residential building with your own hands, it is better to take the layout from the Internet.
On the web there are many projects of frame houses with a plan. For example, a building 8 x 14 m with a veranda inside may look like in the diagram below.
This house can comfortably accommodate a family of 4 people. The veranda in the building of this layout acts as a hallway. All rooms can be accessed through the hall, which is quite convenient.
Plan of a two-story building
The construction of such a house will save space on the site. When planning in a two-story frame building, the following rooms are usually provided:
- kitchen;
- bath;
- a bathroom;
- hallway;
- Hall;
- cabinet;
- living rooms;
- boiler room;
- vestibule;
- dining room, etc.
To live in such a house was convenient, when designing it, it is worth considering some rules for placing premises on floors. In such residential buildings on the second floor, bedrooms are usually equipped. Often there is also a bathroom with a pantry. The remaining rooms are usually equipped on the ground floor. At the same time, they are trying to equip the living room closest to the front door. The cabinet is made in the back of the house in a quiet place. Most often, a small corner room is assigned to the boiler room. The same goes for the bathroom.
Below we present to the reader's attention a plan of a frame house with an area of 81 m 2 . On the ground floor in this building are equipped a living room (1), a bathroom (3), a kitchen (2) and one of the bedrooms, which can be replaced with an office. On the second floor there are 3 bedrooms (4, 5, 6), a storage room (2) and a corridor (3).
Attic recommendations
Two-story frame houses are quite popular among the owners of suburban areas. But most often private traders build single-story buildings of this type with an attic. The plan of the frame house in this case is usually developed taking into account the comfortable accommodation of 3-5 people. The attic, of course, does not replace a full floor in a house. But still there is a lot of useful space in it and here you can equip several rooms for various purposes.
Usually in the attic of the skeletons they equip bedrooms and offices. The kitchen, living room, dining room, boiler room, bathroom in such houses are most often placed on the main floor.
Veranda and loggia
Such designs are part of the frame house in the vast majority of cases. In the plan of the frame house 6 by 9 m, 9 x 9, or even 4 x 4, you can include both a small veranda from, for example, the main facade, and a long one - two or three walls. This type of structure can be left open. Also a good solution would be to glaze, as well as insulate the veranda. In the latter case, it can be used in the future as an additional room in the winter season.
Loggias are often equipped on the attic or on the second floors of frame houses. This design can also be glazed, insulated and equipped here, for example, an office or a mini-gym. Loggias in the attic of frame houses are buried or remote. The first type of structure is mainly used to give the house a stylish and modern look. The floor of such a loggia is the ceiling of the underlying floor. Such rooms in frame houses glaze almost always.
Remote loggias rest in frame houses usually on the porch racks. In the project, they are provided specifically in order to increase the living area of the building.
Ground floor recommendations
Underground or semi-underground premises quite often include including frame houses projects. It will also be relatively simple to determine the plan of such a building. In the basement of the frame house can be placed:
- boiler room;
- garage;
- pantries;
- laundry;
- billiard room, etc.
Boiler rooms in the basement floors of frame houses are placed quite often. However, it is possible to equip such a room in the basement, unfortunately, not always. Install on the basement only conventional electric, gas mains or, for example, solid fuel boilers. Heating units operating on LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) should not be placed in basements, according to the standards.
Square buildings
This form in terms of frame houses are very common. Square buildings in relation to the materials used for construction are considered the most economical. It is mainly because of this that such structures are very popular among owners of suburban areas in Russia.
Also, such houses are considered very convenient in design. To develop a plan of a frame house 9 by 9 m, for example, will be somewhat easier than building 4 x 6 m or 7 x 10 m.
The frame of such buildings is most resistant to various kinds of dynamic loads. The advantages of such houses include the fact that this figure is the most energy-efficient. Whatever the plan of the frame house 8 for 8 m, 6 x 6 m, etc., has been developed, not too much money will be spent on its heating in the future. In addition, square buildings also look very neat and compact on the site.
Below we present to the reader's attention a plan of a 6 by 6 m frame house with an attic. On the ground floor in this building there is a terrace, kitchen, bathroom and a living room. In the attic, rooms such as a bedroom and a balcony are equipped.
But this may look like a finished drawing and a project of a frame house 9 x 9 m. You can use it if you do not want to come up with anything yourself.
In such a building, of course, you can place much more premises for various purposes.
Engineering systems: heating
To heat frame houses in the country, gas boilers are most often used. Also, a relatively good solution may be to install an electric heating unit in such a house.
Unfortunately, heat losses in frame houses, in comparison with brick or chopped ones, are usually quite large. So that in such a building it would not be cold in winter, experts recommend equipping it with a radiator heating system with forced circulation of water.
Electrification of the building: recommendations of specialists
The plan of the frame house should be developed taking into account the fact that such structures belong to the fire hazard group. The wires and cables in them must be pulled in compliance with certain standards. For example, the installation site of “heavy” equipment in terms of energy consumption with separately allocated lines in such buildings needs to be planned in advance. Also, when electrifying frame houses, the following rules should be observed:
- the entry node to the house must be grounded (even if such protection is already provided at the pole);
- electrical wiring inside the walls of such a building should extend in a protective non-combustible shell.
The rules of the PUE require that the wiring in such houses be exclusively in thin-walled metal tubes. However, to realize this, for example, in a large frame, where in each room several sockets can be mounted, of course, it will be very problematic. In practice, the obsolete PUE rules for the electrification of such structures, therefore, even professional electricians are guided quite rarely. Stretch wiring in such houses, usually in modern PVC corrugations or metal hoses.
According to SP 31-105-2002 “Designing houses with a wooden frame”, cables in such buildings can even be laid simply “by passing through voids and spaces filled with insulation”. If you want, you can stretch the wires and guided by such standards. However, this decision will not be too successful. When breakdown of insulation, the wooden structure of the building using this method of laying can catch fire. And to replace the damaged part of the cable, the owners of the house in this case will have to disassemble almost half of the wall.
Do I need ventilation?
When drawing up a plan for a frame house, it is worth considering, among other things, how to install such an engineering system. Ventilation in a building of this type should be equipped. In the construction of such structures, vapor isolators and heat-reflecting materials are usually used. In fact, houses of this kind are large sealed “thermoses”. The access of fresh air from the street to the skeleton premises is almost completely blocked.
The ventilation system in such a building is best equipped with a supply and exhaust system. Air ducts during the installation of such a network are usually drawn in ceilings and walls. Into the premises, the discharge pipes are led out under the ceiling, the supply pipes are near the floor. The supply and exhaust system itself can be placed, for example, on the ground floor or in the attic. Of course, it is necessary to design a frame house so that when laying ducts having a large cross section, subsequently, one does not have to touch the supporting support racks and floor beams.
Recommendations for pipe specialists
Stretched over the walls of the main heating and water supply systems, of course, spoil the appearance of the premises in the house. In brick and chopped houses, they usually try to hide them behind the casing. In a frame building, pipes can simply be pulled directly inside the walls. When laying highways this way in the house in some cases you have to drill racks. This work must be done so that ultimately the supports are weakened as little as possible.
Water supply and sewerage
Entrepreneurs in the business plan for the construction of frame houses often include the costs of organizing these two types of engineering systems (if there are centralized networks of this type nearby). It is necessary to provide for such communications with the independent construction of a residential low-rise building.
Water supply and sewage systems in the frameworks are being equipped according to standard technologies. That is, a well is drilled to supply water next to such a building. Further to the house in the trench with insulation stretches the outer highway. A water treatment system is installed on the ground floor. Water heating in such buildings can be done by a double-circuit boiler or boiler.
Waste water from the frame house, as well as from any other, is usually discharged into the septic tank. To place such a receiver in the yard, according to the standards, should be no closer than 5 m to the foundation of the building. The external line extends to the septic tank in a trench with a slight slope. In the building itself, a riser and sunbed are mounted. Along the latter, consumers are installed - a bathtub, shower, sinks, sinks.