Modern buildings, both industrial and residential, often have a very complex infrastructure and are designed with maximum emphasis on energy conservation. Therefore, it is impossible to do without installing ventilation systems, and in most cases air conditioning. Installation of any type of climatic equipment must be carried out with the obligatory observance of certain rules.
Types of ventilation systems
There are several types of similar equipment intended for use in certain types of buildings. Ventilation systems (the installation of which is carried out according to technology that depends on the variety) can be classified:
By appointment. In this case, distinguish the supply, exhaust and supply and exhaust ventilation. The first two varieties are usually mounted in residential premises. The third is in production. Sometimes the supply and exhaust system is also installed in residential buildings of a large area, for example, in multi-storey cottages.
By the method of moving air. In this regard, ventilation can be natural or forced. The first variety is considered obsolete and is rarely used today. Most often, it can be seen in old-type city apartments (exhaust risers), in cellars or barns of the owners of household plots.
By design. On this basis, ventilation is divided into monoblock and type-setting. The first variety is a single soundproof box. Compound ventilation is a very complex structure consisting of many elements: a fan, a silencer, filters, etc.
By service area. In this case, ventilation is divided into general exchange and local. The first type is designed to serve the entire work area. Local ventilation is used to normalize air exchange in any one part of the room.
Who makes ventilation systems
The production of such equipment is carried out by companies specializing in the production of household appliances or climate systems themselves. When choosing ventilation, attention should also be paid to its manufacturer. Equipment of an unknown brand, purchased from a small supplier, may subsequently work incorrectly.
The manufacture and installation of ventilation systems is usually done by the same company. Therefore, business leaders and owners of residential buildings have the opportunity to order the installation of this equipment from scratch, which, of course, is very convenient.
Project drafting
How is equipment such as ventilation systems installed? Their installation must begin with the preparation of the project. This step is perhaps the most important in the process of installing a ventilation system. A draft should be drawn up with the mandatory observance of all standards. In case of an error in the subsequent ventilation will not work correctly. For example, in a living room there may be smells of a kitchen or a toilet, and in the air of production halls - various kinds of harmful impurities.
Design and installation of ventilation systems should be carried out exclusively by a specialist. When developing drawings, first of all, the features of the room and the ventilation equipment itself are taken into account. It also determines the installation location of the air pumping unit, laying ducts, installation methods of equipment, etc.
Ventilation system assembly
The easiest ventilation systems are designed for residential premises. Their installation, if desired, can be done independently. In a city apartment, for example, in most cases, it is enough to install a powerful fan in the riser and make air inlets under the windows. The installation of complex systems in cottages and, in particular, in production requires some experience. In general, the installation procedure for the most complex supply and exhaust ventilation installation looks like this:
In the attic or in the basement, the main unit is fixed, the structure of which includes fans, filters and, if necessary, a recuperator.
Installation of ventilation systems is continued by hollowing out holes for air ducts in the outer walls.
Holes make their way into the internal walls and partitions of the building. Under the supply air ducts they are made below, under the exhaust ducts - at the top.
Highways are mounted. The latter can be either flexible or rigid.
The lines are connected to the main unit.
The ventilation system is checked for operability.
Rules for use in production
Of course, ventilation systems, the installation of which is a very complicated procedure in most cases, must also be operated in compliance with all the required standards. After the commissioning, the specialists who installed the equipment should instruct the tenants of the house or production personnel regarding its use. Basically, the rules for operating ventilation systems in production include the following items:
Routine maintenance of equipment is carried out by specialists with appropriate education.
The workshops periodically make control measurements of air.
The equipment is constantly tested for performance in accordance with the standards.
Equipment repair should be done on time.
The operation and installation of ventilation systems in an enterprise is usually the responsibility of the chief engineer.
Household use
In residential premises, the rules for operating ventilation systems are reduced mainly to timely repair and replacement of old structural elements. Of course, in no case should you cover the openings for air ducts with finishing materials. This applies to both external walls and internal.
Installation of air conditioning
Ventilation systems and equipment, the installation of which was carried out according to all the rules, make living in an apartment or working in a workshop much more comfortable. However, to create an optimal microclimate, they are sometimes not enough. In this case, other climate equipment is additionally used - air conditioners. Most often, systems of this type are installed in residential premises, offices, cafes or shops. Usually, modern split systems are used to cool the air in buildings. The installation procedure includes the following steps:
An external unit is attached to the wall of the house from the street.
Hanged internal.
Wiring is laid.
A hole is made in the wall and pipelines are mounted.
The system is checked for leaks and evacuated.
The power is connected.
Equipment testing is in progress.
Terms of Use
When using a split system in a residential area, the following recommendations should be observed:
Indoor units must be protected from direct sunlight.
You can not force space in the immediate vicinity of the equipment with furniture.
Filters should be cleaned at least once every 2 months.
A visor should be installed above the outdoor unit.
Installation of ventilation systems and air conditioning systems, as you can see, the procedures are quite complicated and require certain knowledge and skills. Climatic equipment will work correctly only if all the standards are observed during the assembly process. Therefore, the installation of such systems should definitely be entrusted to specialists. And the owners of the house or the employees of the enterprise must strictly follow the rules of operation of this equipment.