Legal literature in a certain way divides the bodies of state power. The criterion is the functions in accordance with which the activities of various government offices are carried out. So, there are legislative bodies of the Russian Federation, executive and judicial.
In fact, the President has a priority position in the country. According to the Constitution of the country, he is called the "head of state." The President is elected, as well as the Duma, on the basis of the implementation of the relevant law.
Legislative bodies are the people's assemblies, the Federal Assembly, supreme councils and other bodies. Their main feature is the fact that they are formed only on the basis of the manifestation of the electoral will of citizens. The legislative bodies in their entirety constitute the structure of the country's representative power. In their activities, they express the will of the multinational population of the Russian Federation, making it universally binding.
The legislative bodies take decisions that are embodied in the relevant acts, as well as take certain measures to implement these decisions and exercise control over their implementation. Decisions are considered binding by other representative offices of the appropriate level (lower-level governmental and territorial).
The legislative bodies are divided into regional and federal. The latter include the Federal Assembly. This body is a state-wide, all-Russian body of state power, which operates throughout the country. Regional include all other representative offices operating in the country within the respective subject.
The legislative bodies of the republics included in the Federation include their parliaments. Their formation is carried out through elections. Voting shall be based on equal and direct universal law for a period of four years or five years. The number of organs varies from twenty-seven (in Kalmykia and Ingushetia) to one hundred and thirty (in Tatarstan). The order of formation and the number of members is fixed by the constitutions of the republics and normative acts on parliamentary elections in accordance with the Federal Law.
The competence of republican parliaments includes certain groups of powers. These include: foreign policy, social, constitutional, economic and cultural construction.
The constitutional sphere provides for the adoption of constitutions and the introduction of amendments and additions to them. In the same area, republican parliaments adopt codes, laws, make amendments or additions to them, and exercise control over their implementation and execution of constitutional requirements and other legislative acts. The powers of the parliaments include resolving issues related to changing the borders of the republics, the election of heads and deputies, and referenda.
In the sphere of social, cultural, and economic development, the republican parliaments form the domestic political course of the republics, approve promising state projects, the most important republican programs, as well as adopt state budgets and monitor their implementation.
Republican parliaments in the field of foreign policy establish international relations, denounce and ratify treaties.
For regions, territories, cities, legislative bodies are thought-ups, assemblies, and other institutions. These representative offices are also formed on the basis of the implementation of universal suffrage. The term of office of the elected deputies shall not exceed five years.
The competence of these bodies includes approving the budget, making decisions on the abolition or introduction of taxes, duties, fees and other types of payments, adopting programs of economic, state, social, national and cultural development, etc.