Under the influence of external negative factors, brick walls gradually collapse, this entails problems that arise indoors. Walls near the attic and the foundation are especially in need of protection, because they are constantly exposed to moisture and precipitation that pass inside.
Over time, this leads to the appearance of fungus and mold, which negatively affects human health and the condition of the structures. As the main method of surface protection, it is possible to distinguish waterproofing a brick wall from the outside. For this, today there is a huge variety of materials that are worth considering in more detail.
Need for protection
Brick is a porous material, so when used in humid conditions, it is saturated with moisture, and inside the destructive process begins. The structure loses its integrity over time. To protect structural elements from moisture, you can use waterproofing. These works are carried out in the basement and external walls. Therefore, it is better to supplement the waterproofing of the brick wall with internal work. An integrated approach allows you to deal with destruction over the entire life cycle.
Depending on the type of protection chosen, the algorithm of the work may be different. External waterproofing is usually carried out by surfaced materials, while inside the work is carried out using coating agents. The main feature of such work is the preliminary preparation of the bases, which should be even and dense for a good fit of the waterproofing layer. The preparation can be carried out using a plaster based on a lime-cement mortar. However, ready-made mixtures can also be used.
Penetrating Compounds
Penetrating waterproofing is quite common among professionals, which gives structures additional properties. When decorating the wall, modifiers are added to the solution, which penetrate the material through the capillaries.
Among the advantages of such a waterproofing of a brick wall from the outside should be highlighted:
- low cost of materials;
- the ability to protect external and internal surfaces;
- high levels of protection at the level of bitumen or film;
- wide range of materials offered;
- maximum penetration deep into the structure.
To protect the masonry from capillary suction, the method of restoring horizontal waterproofing is used - injection. This method is effective and widely used. For horizontal waterproofing of a brick wall by injection, holes are made in two rows in the lower part of the structure where a special compound is injected. Materials with low viscosity and long curing times are ideal for these jobs. These mixtures fill the masonry joints and impregnate the pores of the brick.
Considering penetrating waterproofing mixtures, you can get acquainted with the Penetron compound more closely. It is a dry mixture of cement, silica sand and chemical additives. Penetron is used to protect monolithic and prefabricated structures. With its help, it is possible to increase the indicators of water resistance, frost resistance and strength. The design after completion of work acquires the ability to undergo impacts:
- sea water;
- groundwater;
- Wastewater;
- alkalis;
- acids.
Methodology
For waterproofing, you must follow a certain algorithm. At its first stage, the surface is prepared, cleaned of residual solution and various contaminants. Next, the base is treated with a primer, which fills the pores and increases the protection of the material from mold and fungus. The surface is re-moistened, which is dictated by the features of the brick.
Next, you can begin to apply waterproofing with a spatula or brush. The solution is kneaded and laid according to the instructions. The thickness of the applied layer may vary depending on the composition. At the final stage, finishing is carried out. It may include surface plastering, but experts argue on this topic. Some believe that waterproofing should be applied to the finished finish, otherwise condensation, fungus and mold may occur.
Coating waterproofing
Coating waterproofing of a brick wall outside involves the use of dry mixes to which chemicals are added. After dissolution, they form a paste-like consistency. When choosing one or another composition, it is necessary to be guided by the following factors:
- simplicity in work;
- crack resistance;
- vapor permeability;
- water tightness;
- durability;
- practicality.
Methods for applying coating waterproofing
The application of any waterproofing layer requires the need for surface preparation. It includes the cleaning of the base from dirt and dust, as well as the restoration of seams, if necessary. The walls are covered with plaster, and after a hard brush, a waterproofing layer is applied, which allows you to get a flat surface. It is smoothed with a roller. At the final stage, finishing with facing material is carried out.
Waterproofing a brick wall outside from the rain is often carried out with coating materials, which have unique properties and proven quality. As an example, you can consider a product from German manufacturers, for example, Aquafin. This composition is suitable for a wide range of work. After completion of the application process, a day must pass so that the material becomes solid, then you can carry out facing work. In a week, the wall is ready for water loads.
In order to exclude the appearance of cracks on the surface, polymer-mineral waterproofing is used, which includes an elasticizer. This additive provides elasticity to the hardened layer, and in everyday life such compositions are called rubber concrete. The mixture is applied with a hard brush to a moistened surface, which allows you to get a seamless coating that covers cracks.
Use of surfaced waterproofing
The waterproofing of the house in the area of the brick wall can be carried out by surfaced materials. This protection involves the use of roll materials that are attached to the base after thermal heating. The work is carried out according to the following technology: for a tight fit of insulation, the surface is covered with plaster, and then primed with bituminous mastic, which guarantees reliable adhesion. Stripes are cut into individual sheets of the desired length. After they are heated by a propane burner, until bubbles appear on the material.
The insulation adheres to the surface. The strips should be attached without voids so that the material does not lag behind the wall. Therefore, the waterproofing is smoothed out with a roller or by hands during installation, and problem areas are cut out to make separate pads for them. The strips are glued with an overlap, the width of which is the limit of 10 to 15 cm. You should remember about personal protective equipment, because work is carried out with hot material.
Use of horizontal waterproofing
Horizontal waterproofing eliminates the passage of water into the structure. It is represented by a layer that is laid on a horizontal surface, and a variety of materials can be used for this. For brick walls, cement mortar or asphalt is suitable.
After erection of the masonry to the design level, sealing substances are added to the mixture, with the help of which a layer of mortar up to 30 mm thick is made. When using asphalt, this parameter is 20 mm, and the first row of bricks is laid exactly on this layer of mortar. A waterproofing layer based on rolled materials is laid on a flat surface, and the surface of the canvas is coated with bitumen mastic. The next step is to continue laying.
Okleyechnaya waterproofing from the manufacturer "Technonikol"
TechnoNIKOL's waterproofing is made on the basis of bitumen, which is mixed with atactic polypropylene or styrene-butadiene styrene. These additives are modified polymers, which makes the material more durable and strong.
The “Technonikol” glued waterproofing is also created using vulcanized rubber, polyethylene and thermoplastic. The latter is made of polyvinyl chloride and chlorinated polyethylene, which are heated before use and the seams are sealed by welding or using solvents.
The cost of roofing material and its some properties
Despite the advent of ever new materials for waterproofing, roofing material, the price of which remains acceptable, is also relevant. You can buy this material from the manufacturer "Technonikol" for 15.2 rubles. per square meter. In this case, we are talking about a variety of RPP material.
It is durable, light and soft, so it has found its wide application, but does not withstand low temperatures. Because of this, residents of the northern regions quite often refuse it. But for horizontal waterproofing of a brick wall, it is this material that is located between the masonry and the foundation.
Roofing material, the price of which is reasonable compared to many other modern solutions, is made on the basis of cardboard, which is impregnated with soft oil bitumen. The coating is applied on both sides and is sometimes supplemented with fine-grained sprinkling.