Demographic policy is nothing more than a special system of propaganda, economic, social, as well as other measures and measures that can somehow affect the natural movement of the population.
It is a focused activity of various government bodies, as well as social institutions, carried out in the field of regulation of the processes of population reproduction. We can say that the demographic policy of the state is a policy that is aimed at the field of population. Its main goal is to achieve a certain demographic optimum.
The objects in this case may be the population of a country, a separate region, city, village, and so on.
Of course, population policy has its own goals, as well as tasks. Usually they are formed in various political programs, policy plans and so on. In general, the main directions of this policy are as follows:
- reduction in mortality, as well as morbidity;
- assistance to families with children by the state;
- control of migration processes ;
- urbanization;
- increase the life of citizens and so on.
These areas are closely intertwined with the following areas of social policy :
- income regulation;
- development of services;
- housing construction;
- providing needy citizens;
- healthcare;
- education and so on.
We can say that demographic policy is aimed at creating the most convenient conditions for fertility.
In some cases, its goals are set in the target requirements, but can be presented in the form of targets or any system of indicators. In the latter case, the achievement of specifically specified indicators will be understood as the achievement of the goals of the demographic policy itself.
Of course, in every country, population policy has its own indicators and goals. It would be foolish to compare this policy of China and, for example, Sweden. As everyone knows, China has long been overpopulated. It would be strange if the government of this country tried to increase it. Their main task is to normalize population growth so that living conditions in the country become more comfortable.
Demographic policy has many of its features. An important feature is its indirect, but indirect effect on the dynamics of demographic processes. This impact is made through the scope of marriage, work, and so on. Demographic policy forms demographic needs, changes their specifics at its discretion, creates the conditions that are necessary for their implementation.
Demographic policies vary. These include economic measures:
- repayment of loans, loans, the provision of benefits that can affect the birth rate in the country;
- assessment of the condition and age of families is carried out on a progressive scale;
- women receive benefits for the care of a small child, they are given certain paid leave;
- in some countries small families have an advantage, and in some large families.
There are also administrative measures:
- the age at which you can get married is determined by law;
- Laws, as a rule, prescribe provisions on abortion, divorce, and so on.
Advocacy as well as educational measures:
- compulsory sex education;
- family planning;
- the creation of certain social ideals and values;
- publicity of issues related to sexual relations and so on.
Demographic policy measures can be not only incentives, but also peculiar constraints.