Organization of a water supply system is one of the basic conditions for ensuring human life. This problem is solved in different ways, but in each case the quality of the supplied resource will be determined by the efficiency of its cleaning. Until recently, small-sized filters, aerators and nozzles for a crane were mainly used in the domestic environment. Today, water treatment plants in various technical and structural designs are competing with these devices.
Purpose of equipment
Almost all types of water treatment plants are used for its reception and purification. Unlike urban household filters, we are talking about natural groundwater, which is extracted directly at the serviced facility or delivered from third-party wells. The power potential of standard water treatment plants varies from 50 to 800 m 3 / day. The equipment can be used in utility infrastructure, industry and in domestic conditions. The most widespread are the systems of the first type, which are used in the water supply infrastructure of shift sites, remote tourist complexes, small towns, summer cottages and cottage villages.
Features of industrial stations
For use in industry, a special design of a water treatment plant is being developed, since the equipment in this case is integrated into technological production processes. The technical solution presents structural schemes for introducing the device into the local structures of the enterprise. Separately, the interaction parameters of the stations with other engineering equipment are calculated. This applies to piping with an intake well, automatic controls, a storage for clean water, pumping units, etc.
Advantages of water treatment plants
Such systems can be compared either with home filtering devices, or with industrial purification systems that supply water to large settlements and even areas. Against the background of small household filters, medium-sized water treatment plants have the following advantages:
- The ability to fine-tune and regulate the degree of processing of the composition.
- Extensive controls.
- Possibility of autonomous operation of equipment.
- High quality cleaning.
- No harmful chemicals.
- Reliability and safety.
Many of these advantages characterize a full-fledged industrial-type purification complex, but universal water treatment plants also have advantages over it. For example, it is worth noting energy efficiency and compact size. Stations do not require large spaces for installation and maintenance, but in terms of quality of treatment they can correspond to biological treatment facilities. Which, however, cannot be said about the comparison in terms of performance and functionality.
Water Treatment Plant Device
The equipment is a cleaning complex, which includes several functional units. The main functional blocks include the following:
- Receiving tank. From the well, through the communication channels, water enters the reservoir to accumulate the initial resource. Here, the initial rough cleaning can be carried out by mechanical filtration.
- Pumping units. Provide the process of moving water from work substations.
- Faucets. Coagulant may be required to increase the effectiveness of subsequent cleaning. Integration into the structure of water treatment plants of vortex mixers, in particular, allows you to evenly distribute sedimentary reagents at a flow velocity of 1-1.2 m / s.
- Filters A wide range of filtration devices is practiced, but the most popular are devices with anthracite loading and sorption membranes, which, in addition to removing mechanical impurities, improve the color, smell and taste of water.
- The site of disinfection. A special unit for the destruction of microorganisms. Modern disinfecting systems allow you to remove about 95-98% of bacteria, as well as viruses and pathogenic microbes in the aquatic environment.
Types of equipment
Stations can have different designs, stipulating certain technological approaches to the organization of the cleaning process. The simplest installations are small, closed-type block constructions that operate on the principle of a transfer pump, but with a more efficient filtration system. Typically, such models focus on the tasks of disinfection and deferrization.
The most common form factor is represented by modular water treatment plants, which include a pump, a multi-stage filtration complex, distribution channels, etc. The principal difference between these structures is the flexibility of integrating equipment into technological complexes at enterprises, as well as changing the composition of the module's operating units . The main disadvantage of modular plants is their large size, so sometimes a different kind of station is used - container. These are specialized devices that perform not complex cleaning, but narrowly targeted processing in the form of specific operations - in particular, they destroy algae, fungi, bacteria, etc.
Functional support
The main tasks of water treatment plants include the removal of particulate matter and solids with the smallest fraction, chlorine, heavy metals, salts and bacteria. But in addition to direct filtering, additional functions can also be performed. Multilevel water treatment plants for the home support the following fluid processing tasks:
- Ion exchange and mitigation. Water hardness increases due to the excessive content of calcium, magnesium and other alkaline earth elements. Natural ion exchange allows you to restore the balance of the liquid structure.
- Lightening In the process of removing organic substances and suspended particles, excess manganese and iron ions are also safely removed. Some filters also neutralize residual chlorine products.
- Aeration. The simplest way to reduce the amount of iron in water is by saturating it with oxygen. In parallel, unwanted gases like hydrogen sulfide and radon can be eliminated.
Conclusion
So that the cleaning equipment does not disappoint during operation, it is important to correctly determine its optimal characteristics from the very beginning. You should start with performance. For home purposes, a station serving water at a speed of the order of 2-3 m 3 / h is quite suitable. In industry, the volume is calculated in a daily format and can reach 1000 m 3 / day. What is the optimal water pressure for a water treatment plant? Normal operation of hydrological units with pump support is carried out at a pressure of 6 bar. A maximum of 10 bar is allowed, but in this case it is recommended to introduce hydraulic tanks into the system for safety reasons in order to avoid the risk of leaks. Individually calculated functionality and cleaning depth with the washing intensity of the filters.