Any manifestations of human activity are a source of air pollution in the house. When breathing, carbon dioxide is released, unpleasant odors appear in the kitchen and toilet, when using a shower, the indoor climate becomes more humid. Therefore, to make living in the house as comfortable as possible, it is imperative to equip the ventilation. There are several varieties of such systems.
Home ventilation and climate in the apartment
Communication systems of this type are required to be installed in any city apartment. There is ventilation in many private homes. The main purpose of such systems is to ensure normal air exchange in the premises.
Reviews of real estate owners about ventilation equipment are good primarily because its use provides the following advantages:
washed laundry dries much faster;
Do not fog up the windows;
Do not damp walls;
any unpleasant odors leave the apartment;
breathing indoors is much easier.
Types of household ventilation
By the method of moving air, all systems of this kind are divided into two main varieties:
natural ventilation;
artificial.
The advantage of the first type of systems is the simplicity of the arrangement. In another way, such home ventilation is called "slotted". It is this type of system that is commonly used in old small city apartments. In this case, no equipment powered by electricity is used. Air enters the premises through cracks in the windows and doors, and is removed through a common ventilation tower.
The principle of operation of such a system is extremely simple. On the street, the air is usually colder than in a house. Its warm masses always rise upward. That is, most of the year, natural home ventilation with proper installation can work quite effectively. However, in the summer, when the street is hotter than in the house, such a system, of course, will not perform its functions.
Arrangement of artificial ventilation involves the use of special equipment. Such systems, of course, perform their functions much better than natural ones. In turn, artificial ventilation is classified into:
supply;
exhaust;
supply and exhaust.
The principle of supply ventilation
This type of system may be general or local. In the latter case, fresh air is supplied to only one room. The main equipment of such systems is a special unit with a fan. The latter creates the necessary pressure to force the air into the room. Such home ventilation can be used in an apartment or house only in “clean” rooms - halls, living rooms, bedrooms, etc. Such systems are not installed in kitchens and bathrooms.
Until recently, blocks of this variety were mounted only in rooms of a very large area - in warehouses, in supermarkets, train stations, etc. Today, home ventilation is also on sale. These units are small units with air ducts. Exhaust air when using such systems is removed naturally - through the hood.
Advantages and disadvantages of supply ventilation
The advantages of this type of system include:
The disadvantages of such systems are:
When used in the indoor air handling unit, you have to take care of additional sound insulation.
Features of the installation of supply units
In addition to the unit, such home ventilation (it is installed in the apartment or house - it does not matter) includes the following elements:
valve;
connecting tubes;
external grill.
The valve is installed above the heating radiator. Previously, markup is done under it. A tube wrapped in insulation is inserted into the hole drilled in the wall. Mount it so that from the side of the street it protrudes by about 8-10 mm. Then, using the dowel nails, the device itself is inserted. At the next stage, carbon filters and noise absorbers are mounted. Complete valve assembly by installing a grill. Next, the unit itself is mounted.
Exhaust ventilation
This type of system is more popular with property owners. Unlike the supply, such home ventilation carries out the exchange of air by pulling it out of the room with the help of special equipment. Very often, such systems are installed in urban apartments. Their installation is advisable if there are plastic windows and doors in the rooms. After all, gaps in such structures cannot be by definition. Therefore, the standard natural system in this case is simply ineffective.
Do-it-yourself exhaust ventilation at home: installation features
The main equipment of such a system is a fan. Install it in the channel of the common house hood. Installation is carried out in the following order:
the grating is removed from the channel output;
the fan itself is installed;
seal the remaining slots with sealant.
The flow of fresh air when using such a system is provided by installing valves. They are mounted behind heating radiators, having previously drilled holes of the corresponding diameter in the walls.
Another type of ventilation is a cooker hood. It is installed above the gas stove according to the instructions and connected to a regular 220 V household outlet.
The principle of operation and design of supply and exhaust equipment
Such home ventilation systems are usually used in large country cottages. They cost more than supply and exhaust. Their design is most often entrusted to specialists. Supply and exhaust ventilation combines all the advantages of the artificial systems discussed above. Air replacement in an apartment with its use is faster and better. In addition, the supply and exhaust system, if necessary, can be supplemented with special air conditioners and humidifiers.
The main structural element of such ventilation are:
The last type of equipment is designed to select the heat of the air discharged from the house and return it to the incoming. The use of such an addition in the ventilation system can significantly save on heating.
Very often, home ventilation (supply and exhaust) is supplemented by a device such as a heater. The use of such equipment prevents the formation of ice in the system due to condensation. In addition, this device provides additional heating of the air entering the premises from the street. In ventilation systems, electric or water heaters can be used.
The main stages of installation
How to make ventilation in an apartment or house supply and exhaust, many property owners would probably like to know. Assembling such systems is usually done in several steps:
a detailed system design is being prepared;
the supply and exhaust unit is installed;
the recuperator is connected;
air ducts are mounted;
a heater is installed;
decorative lattices are mounted.
If the system can also be assembled independently, then the design is usually entrusted to specialists. Errors in this matter cannot be made. Otherwise, the system will work inefficiently. In addition, the owners of the house will experience problems such as the appearance of odors in living rooms (from the kitchen and bathroom).
Installation Recommendations
Home ventilation, reviews of which are, of course, good, can be assembled if necessary. The supply and exhaust unit in a house is usually mounted in the attic or in the basement. More often than not, it is simply mounted on a stand pre-aligned in level. Air ducts for cottages usually choose corrugated flexible. Such highways are much easier to stretch in ceilings. For the supplying air ducts, holes are made in the walls according to the design. Highways are connected through special valves with filters. The exhaust pipe is discharged to the roof.
From the main highways to the rooms spend sleeves. To connect them also make holes in the walls. Typically, the supply duct is led out at the bottom of the room, and the outlet duct is upstairs. This arrangement is explained by the ordinary laws of physics. Warm air always rises. The mains are connected to the supply and exhaust unit through pipes in the order specified in the instructions.
An electric air heater is installed in the immediate vicinity of the unit with a recuperator (although this condition is optional in the forced system). To connect it to the attic or basement, they stretch the wiring. The water heater is connected to the heating system (on the supply line on the bypass) and, like the electric one, is inserted into the duct. This device is a kind of heating radiator. Inside it, a “snake” passes a pipe through which the coolant moves.
Additional devices
Of course, ventilation of a house or apartment (forced) makes the indoor microclimate much more comfortable for living. But in summer, the air in the street warms up very much. And his entry into the house can change the microclimate in the rooms for the worse. In order to avoid this, a special air conditioner can be installed in the supply duct. In most cases, such devices operate on freon. Sometimes they are also called cooling heaters. They are connected to a conventional household electrical network. Sometimes, special humidifiers are mounted in the supply duct of the system. The purpose of these devices is the same as that of air conditioners - the creation of the most comfortable microclimate for living in the premises of the house.
Manufacturing companies
Today, many companies produce ventilation systems and accessories for them. For example, you can purchase equipment of the Uniflex, Ruzaevsky Polymer brands, etc. The equipment manufactured by the domestic company Domvent is the most popular among apartment owners. This manufacturer delivers special quality valves to the market that make it easy and simple to upgrade natural ventilation. This company has been operating since 2010. The devices produced by it are suitable not only for residential, but also for office premises, as well as for small houses. Their main advantages are maximum ease of installation, efficient operation and a long service life. In 2014, Domvent home ventilation won the All-Russian contest “Best Products of the Year”.
Instead of a conclusion
Natural ventilation systems, thus, in our time, are probably suitable only for small suburban summer cottages with old dry wooden frames and for various kinds of outbuildings. In residential buildings, it is more advisable to use a forced air exchange scheme.
In an apartment, it is best to mount an exhaust ventilation, and in a cottage - a supply or exhaust. The use of such equipment will certainly make the microclimate in the home much more comfortable and healthy.