If you require a general description of the civil law of the Russian Federation, then without hesitation you can answer that civil law in the Russian Federation is characterized, first of all, as a system that gives equal rights enshrined in the constitution to all participants. Among them are freedom of speech, contract, inviolability of property, non-interference in private affairs, the right to exercise and protect their rights. But, as all those who taught the basics of civil law of the Russian Federation remember, despite the appearance of complete freedom, any actions of an individual are limited by laws and should not violate other people's rights, generally accepted rules of behavior in society, and moral standards.
Only a citizen himself can acquire, alter or alienate his civil rights, other people's influences and, all the more, coercion are unacceptable here, with the exception of cases provided for by law and by-laws of the Russian Federation.
So, for example, anyone has the right to own an apartment, of course, if a person wants it, but then the same citizen must go through registration regardless of his desires, because these are the requirements of the law.
By studying the basics of civil law, you can find out how and in what order various rights arise and thanks to what laws this happens. The same area of knowledge includes an extensive layer of legislative acts that govern contractual relations, obligations and rules applicable in various cases.
All the rules established by law are binding on all Russian citizens and legal entities living in Russia, and they also apply to all foreign nationals and stateless persons in the country . Moreover, the application of these rules is not limited only to domestic issues, they are also used in entrepreneurial activities.
Going deeper into the foundations of civil law, we constantly stumble upon restrictions, because many areas of life are regulated by other regulations. So there is administrative law, customs, tax and others. If we want to sell an apartment, we must follow the Civil Code, and those who are involved in the supply of goods from abroad will need to get acquainted with the Customs.
In the case when several laws differently regulate the same issue, for example, the Federal Law, comes into conflict with the Civil Code, the rule of supremacy of the newer law is applied. The norm that was approved later will be considered true. In any other cases, the Civil Code will take priority.
From the time of the Roman Empire, it was laid in the foundations of civil law, and the principle of eliminating the retroactive effect of laws still applies. Thus, any new law or amendments to it become valid from the moment of adoption and does not apply to the past tense.
Thus, if earlier in transactions with land the appeal period was set to 10 years, then under the new law it is only three years. But when the lawsuit was filed before the changes entered into force, and a decision on it was never made. Even if three years have already passed, the court does not have the right to refuse to consider you on the basis of the fact that the deadline for filing a lawsuit on this issue has expired under the new legislation.
In addition to clear rules recorded in the foundations of civil law, legislators also allow the use of concepts such as business customs or analogies of laws. For the first concept, the following description is given: long-standing and widely used behavior in the implementation of activities related to entrepreneurship. In the second case, this refers to the resolution of any disputes based on similar relations.