Reconstruction of buildings and structures is a whole range of installation and construction works, the purpose of which is to change the architectural solutions of objects and create various capital add-ons, outbuildings and attics. In addition, this includes changes in the system of equipment for buildings and supporting structures, as well as the improvement of adjacent territories.
Reconstruction
It should be carried out comprehensively, and usually begin with repairing the foundation, its additional creation or strengthening of the base under it. Reconstruction works include waterproofing the base of the building and its basements, repairing the facade and walls, replacing ceilings and roofing systems. Recently, some companies and organizations began to include the interior decoration, equipment, as well as the extension of the residential attic in the list of these services.
There are several types of reconstruction of buildings and structures:
- alteration of an industrial facility into apartments or offices;
- increase in the area of premises;
- expansion of production facilities through the construction of additional floors in buildings with high ceilings, etc.
In general, the reconstruction of facilities implies the creation of additional space to accommodate industrial workshops and storage facilities, various units and equipment, workplaces and residential apartments. A comprehensive change of buildings includes the laying of a number of engineering systems, such as heating, energy, sewage, ventilation, security and fire protection systems. And all this must comply with the accepted standards of construction.
Types of reconstruction
For industrial enterprises there are two types of restructuring: the actual transformation and technical re-equipment. The latter involves the replacement of equipment when the cost of construction and installation work is not more than 10% of the total cost. When the actual transformation of the structure takes place, then not only the equipment, but the building itself is changed. At the same time, various superstructures, extensions, the construction of new buildings, etc. can be made.
For many facilities, the share of equipment in the overall balance is insignificant, therefore, they are divided according to a slightly different principle, and specifically, into partial or full reconstruction. The first involves the replacement of only certain elements of the structure with the continuation of its operation, and the second - a radical reconstruction of the building, where it is possible to replace structures, equipment, individual components, change its size, etc.
Reconstruction plan
It should include information regarding all types of construction and installation works, calculations and design changes that will be made in the communication and engineering systems of the structure, as well as a package of documents on the suitability of the building for operation. Compilation of a reconstruction plan should only be carried out by specialists with experience in this matter.
Matching
Before starting the reconstruction of the object, you need to prepare the appropriate documentation. Then it is necessary to coordinate it in different state instances. It should be noted right away that this can be very difficult. This is especially true of objects of cultural and historical significance, as well as architectural monuments. In addition, there are difficulties in agreeing to recreate or preserve their original appearance. Construction and installation work can only begin if the permission for their implementation has already been obtained.
Main stages
The reconstruction of buildings and structures basically consists of the same stages as the investment cycles of new buildings:
- Predesign stage. It includes all activities carried out during the new construction. But most often this stage occurs in a somewhat simplified form.
- Inspection of the reconstructed bases and objects. It should be noted that it is impossible to miss this stage. In the course of it, not only the hydrogeological regime, soil conditions and terrain are evaluated, but also the condition in which the underground and aboveground structures are currently located, as well as the possibility of additional load on them and their further operation. Inspection of all elements of the building must be carried out carefully and in detail to describe any damage found. In addition, each curvature, crack, or spot of dampness should be photographed, measured and recorded in a document. If necessary, laboratory tests are done if individual elements have been opened. At the end of the survey, a special report is prepared, which includes photographs, calculations and other documents.
- The reconstruction project is in many ways similar to what they are doing for newly constructed buildings, but includes fewer documents. It contains all the main parts: architectural and construction, technological, cost estimates, a general explanatory note and a plan for the organization of construction. The reconstruction project is considered and approved in almost the same way as the new building.
- The implementation of the plan. In order to carry out the reconstruction project, it is necessary to carry out construction and installation works. If they will be carried out on the territory of an existing enterprise, then its activity should not be reduced at all, or only to a minimum extent. At the same time, his directorate carefully coordinates the sequence and implementation of all construction and installation works, as well as the conditions for combining them with work in production shops with the general contractor and designer.
The most effective are the reconstruction of buildings and structures carried out by the nodal method. At the same time, the enterprise is conditionally divided into parts where it is possible to freely set up and install technological equipment, as well as carry out construction work. After the assembly is completed, it is handed over to the service department.
Capital construction and reconstruction
These works have a lot in common. Reconstruction and capital construction as two sets of works seem to be quite complex processes that require the construction and installation companies conducting them to maximize coherence and responsibility. This applies both to the preparation of relevant documentation, and the involvement of highly qualified specialists.
Reconstruction and capital construction involve the simultaneous re-equipment, expansion and construction of various facilities, during the construction of which it will be necessary to carry out not only installation, but also earthwork related to the construction of load-bearing structures, the installation of foundations and engineering communications.
Repair and reconstruction
Usually these concepts are inseparable from each other. Reconstruction and repair are a set of works in which it is first necessary to change partially or completely the size of the building or to carry out its reconstruction, and then proceed to the internal redevelopment and final finishing. Reconstruction of structures is often done when new facilities are being built nearby, accompanied by the laying of various communications, or in the event of wear of any structures, as well as changes in the state of the soil under them.