Valeological education appeared after the reform of the domestic education system. Russian legislation allowed schools to independently introduce innovative methods into the educational and upbringing process. Textbooks are changing more and more, new opportunities are opening up for self-realization and self-education of the younger generation.
Relevance of the problem
In recent years, school children have significantly deteriorated visual acuity and posture. Some parents believe that their child comes to the educational institution as a completely healthy baby, and leaves the school sick, they think that the school is the place where children lose their health.
In fact, there are other factors that contribute to lowering the health of children. Among them:
- economic and social problems;
- bad ecology;
- constant work at the computer.
Scientists have proven that the intra-school environment only affects 30% of children's health. It is characterized by the conditions of training, as well as the organization of the working day regimen and the nutritional characteristics of children.
Consequences of Carelessness
Most of the children, adolescents, adults are not serious about their health. This is explained by the orientation toward permissiveness, which is currently relevant in society.
One of the urgent and serious problems of our time is the preservation and strengthening of the physical health of the young generation of Russians. The medical workers are very worried about the state of health of modern children.
Timeliness of the use of health-saving technologies
Valeological education at school is necessary because of the increase in the number of sick children. This problem has existed since the second half of the eighteenth century. At the beginning of the last century, the state and the school took responsibility for the health of the younger generation, removing responsibility from society and from parents. It was educational institutions that were supposed to ensure a healthy lifestyle. In reality, this is impossible, because this problem is public.
For a hundred years, the situation has not changed much: neither in the family, nor in society has the awareness of the importance and importance of health changed. The school is not able to cope with such a large-scale problem on its own. The teaching methodology that was used in the twentieth century in domestic educational institutions no longer corresponds to the functional capabilities of the child. Society and parents overwhelm children with numerous additional courses and circles.
The topic of health is very relevant today, because modern children do not just go to school for knowledge, they get a lot of diseases there, starting from banal myopia and ending with gastritis.
Scientific background
Valeological education is the formation of a worldview that allows children to monitor their health. This is a prerequisite for spiritual, material and social needs, that is, health can be considered a social value.
The education of the valeological culture is a state-level problem, because a sick nation has no future.
Modern social and technical innovations have made positive changes in human existence, but they could not solve health problems, on the contrary, they aggravated them.
Environmental and valeological education is one of the most important areas without which it is impossible to form a harmoniously developed personality. Due to a lack of motor activity and excessive high-calorie nutrition, numerous diseases appear: metabolic disorders, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurosis, pathologies of cardiovascular activity. An increase in the amount of information generates nervous tensions, environmental problems, and creates social threats.
All this leads to an increase in psychological diseases, drug addiction, exacerbates the demographic crisis.
Of particular danger is the increase in the number of congenital neuropsychiatric and physical pathologies, since the deterioration in the health of the younger generation poses a threat to the future of the nation.
In order to improve the situation regarding public health, it is important to take preventive, economic and social measures.
Methodological foundations of a health-saving strategy
It is necessary to create health-improving nationwide programs that are based on a health care strategy that improves the mechanisms of self-regulation of the body.
Valeological education is the formation of ideas about strengthening, maintaining, restoring health.
The term “valeology” was proposed in 1980 by Professor I.I. Brekhman. By him, the scientist understood the amount of knowledge about the mechanisms and laws of creating, maintaining, improving and restoring human health.
Valueology is considered one of the 4 areas of science, which is called health. This is an integrative science, which appeared at the junction of several areas of knowledge:
- ecology;
- biology;
- hygiene;
- medicine.
An object
Valeological education is associated with the formation in the younger generation of a caring attitude to their health. The object of valeology is human health in all its manifestations, in relations with the natural environment and social environment. The subject is considered the criteria of quality of health, as well as the possibility of improving it. Valueology is not limited to preventive, protective measures. It is aimed at creating health, creating technologies for healing and increasing the capabilities of the body.
Valeological education involves increasing the adaptation of students to changing environmental factors.
Main goals
Tasks can be formulated as follows:
- taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children, building on their basis valeological upbringing and education;
- development within the framework of the educational process of a healthy personality of the child;
- taking into account heredity and the social environment in which the child develops and grows;
- medical and pedagogical approaches to the child;
- the formation of students' interest in their health;
- individualization of education and training.
Valeological education of preschool children involves teaching them the norms of a healthy lifestyle. It is during this period that clear stereotypes of behavior are formed in children that determine their future life.
The education of the valeological culture of preschoolers implies the familiarity of children with the characteristics of their body.
Prerequisites for the formation of value literacy
Valeological education of children allows educational organizations to fulfill the social order of society - to bring up a healthy generation of Russians.
The poor health of modern children is the result of exposure not only to social and economic factors, but also to a number of organizational and pedagogical ones:
- Inconsistency with the age and physiological characteristics of schoolchildren in curricula and teaching technologies;
- non-compliance with the simplest hygienic requirements for the organization of the educational and educational process;
- increasing the volume of the workload and the pace of learning;
- systematic pre-school education too early;
- lack of knowledge by teachers about the development and protection of child health.
At the beginning of the 19th century, a connection was found between hygiene conditions at school and diseases: posture disorders, as well as myopia.
Insufficient valeological education of preschoolers, lack of comfortable furniture in the classrooms, violations of light and air-heat regimes, lesson schedules without taking into account the physiological characteristics of children - all this leads to poor health of the younger generation.
Working methods
Valeological education of preschoolers and school children involves the use of the following motives:
- cognitive, related to the study of the human body;
- aesthetic, preserving vision, beautiful posture;
- humanistic, which are associated with the manifestation of concern for the health status of the child at home and at school / kindergarten.
Valeological education of students is carried out using several methods. One group consists of those techniques that contribute to the formation of children's responsibility for health. Among them stand out conviction, for example, through conversation.
The second group consists of practical methods for the development of dynamic stereotypes: discipline, order in the lesson, ventilation of classrooms, observance of sanitary and hygienic standards.
The third group includes methods that help to maintain the health of children in the classroom, as well as after school hours. For example, it can be physical exercises in the classroom, a change of activity, the organization of outdoor activities during breaks, days of health, sporting events and relay races, hiking.
Formation of healthy lifestyle skills
One of the main tasks of the teaching staff is to strengthen the health of preschool children and school children. For its implementation, special programs should be created in educational organizations aimed at introducing children to a healthy lifestyle.
They identify goals, objectives, prescribe methods of work and expected results. The following sections can be included in a comprehensive plan that helps to shape the needs of children in the healthy lifestyle:
- children's health;
- functioning of the health office;
- work of a summer camp;
- lessons in life and health;
- prevention of bad habits;
- the design of health corners, the publication of wall newspapers;
- hiking, excursions;
- holding decades of health.
Movement is life and health
To ensure motor activity of the younger generation in kindergartens and schools, teachers conduct physical exercises before class or during lessons. Mandatory elements of pedagogical activity are musical changes, games that help relieve muscle and emotional stress.
Extracurricular activities and the work of the class teacher affect the formation of healthy lifestyles in children. Hygiene and sanitation issues are considered in the framework of classroom hours, quizzes, competitions, thematic decades.
On issues related to the prevention of diseases of schoolchildren, teachers hold parent-teacher meetings.
Conclusion
Thanks to the close cooperation of subject teachers with physical education teachers, medical workers, a psychologist, and parents of schoolchildren, the quality of the educational process based on health conservation is significantly improved.
It is necessary to build the process in such a way that, without lowering the quality of teaching, maintain the health of the younger generation, reduce the load. The introduction of valeological technology can be carried out through the content of education.
Health-improving work in kindergartens and schools should be based on the principle of differentiated education. At the same time, emphasis is given to activities aimed at increasing the importance of the health of the younger generation.
The principle of continuity is to improve the health of preschoolers and school-age children during the school year, carried out with the alternation of different methods.
Consideration of health-saving factors when thinking over and conducting the upbringing and educational process allows you to create a way of life that contributes to a comfortable and safe stay of children in educational institutions.