Internal repair of a house or apartment is a complex and very expensive procedure. It is not surprising that many seek to do it on their own, without involving hired specialists for the work. This is especially true for plastering and tile laying, because finding good craftsmen in this matter is not easy, while others simply request indecent amounts for their services.
Today we will discuss how plastering works are carried out . If you adapt, then you will probably learn this.
What do you need?
Immediately, we note that in order to do the work of plastering internal or external surfaces, in any case, you will need a considerable amount of quite specific skills. If they are not there, then something worthwhile is unlikely to come out. However, if you are serious about preparation, then the plastering work will surely be completed on time and efficiently.
What are the stucco mixtures and what are they used for
Contrary to popular belief, plaster can be used not only for leveling walls. Plaster mixes are divided into several types depending on the properties and purpose. Let's look at them.
- Conventional mixtures are just used, aligning the walls and other internal surfaces.
- Decorative compositions are used when the surface to be treated needs to be given some specific look.
- Special blends. This plaster has some special qualities. For example, increased waterproofing ability.
In addition, the compositions are divided depending on their basis: gypsum and cement. Consider the implementation of plastering in more detail.
What are the steps involved in applying plaster?
- First, the surface is carefully prepared: old plaster, dirt and paint residues are removed.
- Beacons are placed, a special plaster grid is attached.
- A layer of plaster is applied directly.
- Alignment of the applied material is in progress.
- Pre-installed beacons are dismantled.
- The surface is carefully leveled, the discovered defects are eliminated.
Since the plastering works in the building and the premises are carried out using slightly different technologies, in the article we will consider both of them. Immediately, we note that there are not so many special differences between them, if you do not take into account the increased requirements for interior decoration.
What tools are required to complete the work?
So you found out about all the main stages that make up the plastering work. The tools for this need the simplest. For applying plaster, you can use a bucket, trowel or a trowel. Of course, you will need a building level, a hammer and other tools with which you will eliminate the found uneven walls.
Facade technology
Consider outdoor plastering. If you are going to plaster the facade, then before this you should completely complete all construction work. The reason is simple: if after that you start to dismantle something, then be sure to damage the layer of plaster that was laid so hard the day before. In any case, houses made of timber and logs can not be processed this way, since the tree will in any case produce sediment. Of course, this leads to deformation and destruction of the upper decorative coating layer.
If you need to plaster a house of wood, you will have to make a quality crate. In the case when the mixture is applied to it, such serious deformations no longer occur.
Unlike solid wood buildings, panel houses can be finished immediately after installation. The same applies to brick and foam block. If the wall of the house is old, then it is necessary to process it, eliminating all those areas where crumbling and chipping of its material is observed. All major defects either chip or fill with cement-sand mortar, fixing the structure for reliability with a metal mesh.
Here is such a classic plastering technology.
Preparation for work
As we have already said, all the influxes and other irregularities are most carefully eliminated. It is necessary to wait until the cement mixture with which the defects were fixed is completely hardened. After that, the wall is treated with compressed air, eliminating dust from it. Then the surface is sprayed with water, carry out priming. Humidification is extremely necessary due to the fact that in this case, the primer will be much better to stick to the surface being treated, since moisture from it will not go directly to the wall.
If we are talking about a foam block, then such a wall should be primed without fail, since otherwise the plaster will simply fall off from it. This necessarily stipulates the technology of plastering. The fact is that even a fresh foam block intensively draws water, and even aged - even more so.
If you do not have a primer, you can do it easier. Dilute the plaster mixture to the state of liquid "milk", and then treat the foam block with this composition.
Lighthouses and mounting net
First, a carefully prepared wall is hung up, and then lighthouses are hung on a vertical level. Depending on the curvature of the coating and the
thickness of the plaster, use devices with a thickness of 6-10 millimeters. In some cases, beacon strips previously aligned with a level can be used as beacons. Of course, in this case, plastering becomes much easier.
If there is such a need, then you can mount the mounting grid. Only then can a direct coating be applied. Since we are talking about home renovation, you will almost certainly apply the composition manually. This work is extremely time-consuming, so prepare the scaffolds and other supporting structures in advance that will protect you from falls and injuries.
Some important tips
Without an assembly grid, in no case can you apply a layer of more than 50 millimeters thick. It is used to avoid the formation of deep cracks, which almost always arise due to the slightest roughness of the initial surface. As soon as the finishing layer of the plaster dries, the beacons are removed, after which the traces of them are carefully wiped. Then the coating is ground round, using special graters. The final processing is done "to disperse."
As soon as you have applied the mixture for the plaster, it is leveled with a trowel, carefully passing it up and down (guided by the beacons). Important! If you need to apply a thick layer of coating, then doing this in one pass is by no means possible. First you need to apply a primary layer of medium thickness and wait for its partial drying. After this comes the time of finishing plastering. As a rule, on the packaging with mixtures there is always a detailed instruction, so we advise you to read it carefully.
Attention! If you missed the start of drying, and the surface became too hard and could not be leveled, you can sprinkle it slightly with water, and then continue to work.
What is grouting for?
If you overwrite defects round-off, then traces of the tool will still remain on the surface. When working with wide sweeps “to disperse” the plaster becomes perfectly even. Note that for the processing of various kinds of columns, arches and other complex architectural forms, special templates are needed, since without them you will inevitably make mistakes that will lead to a deterioration in the quality of work.
How to apply plaster in the interior?
Now we will consider internal plastering. As in the previous case, before starting plastering, it is necessary to complete all previous construction work as fully as possible. Until the work is completed, the room temperature should not fall below 15 degrees Celsius. Of course, that during and after the completion of plastering re-planning of rooms, installation of windows or doors is not allowed. It is also highly advisable to install the wiring before starting work.
The preparation of the walls does not actually differ from that for outdoor work, but there are still some differences. They are associated with increased requirements for decoration: there should not be any defects, cracks or irregularities on the pre-treated wall, since subsequently they can all appear, hopelessly ruining the appearance of the room.
Bevels and ceilings
Particular attention in internal work should be paid to the plastering of bevels and ceilings. The slightest bumps will be perfectly visible in any light. Therefore, the work should be carried out on a clear sunny day, when light from the sun will pass through the window openings at right angles.
Start work from the top slope, gradually moving to the bottom. Of course, lighthouses should always be used. Do not forget that the width of the slopes on all windows should be exactly the same, as otherwise the room will look a bit messy. The most difficult to plaster the outer corners. In this case, you can not do without a special mounting grid for such surfaces, since it simultaneously acts as a beacon. It is very difficult to plaster the semicircular slopes, which are still often found in old houses.
When you finish the ceiling, the grout should first be conducted against the light, and then in the opposite direction.
Keep in mind that during drying, the room should be kept at a constant temperature: the plaster does not tolerate temperature fluctuations, as this makes it less durable.
Use a quality filler to create the smoothest finish possible. This is especially true for the bathroom: after finishing the work of plastering, the surface is double-treated with putty, and each layer must be thoroughly dried and sanded.
Issue price
By the way, how much does plastering work cost? The cost depends on what composition you use. If we talk about ready-made mixtures, then the cost of a bag of 30 kg (gypsum base) starts from 400 rubles. A similar bag of cement mix costs half the price. It is not possible to say about the cost per square meter, since each consumption will be purely individual.
When choosing plaster mixes for outdoor work, give preference to those of them, which are based on cement. It is more difficult to work with them (adhesion to the surface is worse), but they are much more durable and stronger.
If you resort to the help of professionals, then you should familiarize yourself with the price list of the work they provide. In Moscow, for example, prices can be: plastering walls under a tile - 200-250 rubles. for 1 m 2 ; improved plastering of walls - 300-360 rubles / m 2 ; improved plastering of the ceiling 350-400 rub / m 2 ; art plaster - from 400 to 650 rubles. per m 2 .