The partition is a non-main wall in the building, so its thickness is thinner. Such minor structures can be made of various materials.
Gypsum concrete partitions have become very popular. But before installing them, you need to understand the technical features, the composition of this material, the nuances of installation.
They are used in projects of 2-story houses. On the basis of gypsum and other additional fillers create prefabricated large-sized plates. It is them that are used for partitions. Typically, such structures are used in houses with wooden or reinforced concrete floors. If the humidity level is increased in the room, then moisture-resistant boards that are treated with water repellents are used.
Features
There are many varieties of designs of interior partitions. It is important to make them technologically correct in accordance with the requirements that are intended for certain rooms. Vertical structures are represented by load-bearing walls and partitions. The first are a support for floors and roofs. Their location in the building is clearly recorded. They are placed on the foundation, and on the second floor - on the underlying walls.
But the interior partitions are not bearing. They are intended to divide the entire internal space of the building into rooms, even in projects of 2-story houses. They are made from both heavy and light materials. Ecology, sound insulation, appearance and the possibility of redevelopment in the future depend on them. Gypsum concrete partitions have become very popular in recent years. Although they require some experience with the device.
Gypsum concrete partitions: technical specifications
The requirements for such designs are as follows:
- Strength and stability. Interior partitions in the apartment should not create a danger to people living in the room.
- Long term use. It should be equal to the period of operation of the entire building.
- The absence of cracks and other defects on the surface and in those areas where the interroom partition is connected to other structures. This requirement is due to the fact that various rodents and insects do not find a place to live, and also that moisture does not accumulate.
What else to consider
In addition, there are special requirements:
- For partitions in bathrooms, resistance to moisture is important. It must not be allowed to fall into the structure. The surface must be treated with a waterproof agent. For example, make the lining waterproof material.
- For the second floor and the attic, the partitions that will be installed on wooden beams should be lightweight, since they can withstand less load than reinforced concrete structures.
- The panel partition, which will separate areas with different temperatures inside, must be massive and with a high rate of thermal insulation.
- In order to lay engineering communications, stationary partitions with a large thickness are used.
Usually, soundproofing is also required. Massive designs do a good job of this. Additionally, you can use the lining of soundproofing materials.
Gypsum concrete: composition
By gypsum concrete is meant special concrete in which gypsum is not used as a bonding component.
Together with sand (or as a substitute for it), various fillers of the organic and mineral type are used:
- Slag. It is a waste of metal production.
- Ash. It is obtained during the burning of wood, coal.
- Peat. This is a sedimentary rock with a loose structure.
- Straw. This is a product of agriculture.
- Textile rags. In other words, ordinary unnecessary rags.
- Waste paper. Waste paper.
Still organic fillers of gypsum concrete blocks are shavings, sawdust, reeds, pulp, waste from the processing of hemp and flax. Mineral fillers are expanded clay, pumice, agloporite, fuel slag, sand, crushed stone of dolomite, granite, limestone, tuff.
Features of the composition
Due to organic fillers, the strength of the material (compressive or tearing) is reduced, but at the same time it becomes much more elastic, shock resistance is increased. Due to this, nails can be driven into the gypsum concrete partition. Thanks to organic fillers, thermal insulation properties are also improved. But at the same time, the composition, which contains not only gypsum, but also sand, sawdust, is very popular. It is quite durable, technologically advanced, has excellent thermal insulation characteristics.
The strength of gypsum concrete is from 1100 to 1500 kg per cubic meter. m. Moisture absorption ranges from 10 to 25% for a material with mineral fillers and up to 65% with organic. As for frost resistance, the latter can withstand up to 5 cycles, and with mineral additives - up to 15.
Benefits
The advantages of gypsum concrete partitions include the following:
- Light weight. Thanks to this, partitions from such a material can even be placed on a wooden floor.
- Good sound and heat insulation characteristics. Thanks to this, the partitions do not let in cold and noise.
- Ease of processing. For example, for chasing the capital walls you will need a chisel, a hammer. For cutting, diamond wheels are used, and for reinforcement, a conventional abrasive. But for gypsum concrete structures, just a light hammer and a chisel are enough. In addition, drilling holes in conventional concrete is much more difficult than drilling gypsum concrete. For the first, diamond-coated nozzles are required, and for the second, a conventional metal drill is sufficient. Due to the fact that there are no solid inclusions, and the density of the material is low, it is easy to process.
disadvantages
But at the same time, gypsum concrete partitions also have disadvantages. These include the following:
- Limited mechanical strength. This is the flip side of the simplicity of processing this material. It is because of this that it is not used to create capital walls. As a result, the scope of use of gypsum concrete is limited only to unloaded partitions.
- Low moisture resistance. This is due to the properties of gypsum. Because of this, the material is completely unsuitable for decorating partitions in bathrooms and other rooms with high levels of humidity. In any case, the material is not used for the construction of walls that come in contact with water.
These nuances must be taken into account before installing gypsum concrete partitions.
Production standards
During production, quality standards are based on GOST 9574-90. By the way, such a document is considered Soviet, but at the same time it was adopted only in January 1992, when the USSR had already disintegrated.
What includes
The key points of this standard are as follows:
- This normative document applies to all panels that are produced on the basis of gypsum as a binder component used in construction. In particular, not only gypsum concrete panels are mentioned in the document, but also gypsum-cement-pozzolanic, gypsum-lime slag, gypsum-slag.
- If there is no opening on the product, then it is marked with the letters "PG". If the hole is made, then "GWP". If there is a cutout, then the marking is “PGV”.
- The presence of grooves, boxes for cables, sockets is not strictly regulated, but is determined only by the conditions of construction.
- The density of the panels should be between 1100-1500 kg per cubic meter. m. Humidity of the product is allowed up to 12% for those where the binder is gypsum, and up to 14%, where other binder components.
- Panels can be reinforced with wood. Use double bars, which tie the product outline and openings. The frame is fixed with slats. For reinforcing use conifers to the third grade. Deciduous trees are also allowed. An exception is the material of birch, as it is very susceptible to decay. But deciduous can not be applied to the lower bars of the frame. The moisture content of the wood should be between 22 and 40%.
- The panels make steel mounting loops. They are embedded over the entire height of the structure. The location of the loops is determined by the project. But panels can do without them at the request of the customer. In this case, a special grip is required for their transportation.
- There should be no cracks or chips on the panel material. The exception is only surface, in which the width is not more than 0.5 mm.
- Transporting and storing panels is only required vertically.
Full marking
Includes the following points:
- Panel type - PG, PGP or PGV.
- Plate dimensions. They write the length, height. Designate in decimetres. If required, round to integers. The thickness is also recorded, but in centimeters.
- Concrete brand. It determines the compressive strength of the material.
- A complete list of astringent components: G - gypsum, GI - gypsum-lime slag, GS - gypsum-slag, GC - gypsum-cement-pozzolanic.
Groups of notation are written through a hyphen.
Production technology
Internal gypsum concrete partitions are erected by two methods. First, carry out the pouring into the formwork. This method is used very rarely. Secondly, it is possible to assemble from already made panels. This option is more common.
The most popular in housing are panels that are made of gypsum, sawdust and sand, taken in equal parts. Method of production - continuous molding on a rolling machine. This implies the following:
- The necessary ingredients in doses fall into the mixing tank. There they are converted into a homogeneous dried mass.
- Water is added and a special tool that slows down the process of setting gypsum. Usually use animal glue.
- On the tape of the machine put pre-made frames. The gypsum concrete substance is poured directly there through a dispenser, and then evenly distributed.
- The formed and fixed mass falls into the department where the panel is dried. There she has a day contact with flue gases and air with a temperature of 130 ° C.
- Finished and dried panels are transported for storage to the warehouse.
Typically, gypsum concrete partitions are 80-100 mm thick. Between the apartments they make doubles, where there is an air gap of 50 mm.
Mounting
If you install the partitions with your own hands, then use plates whose dimensions are small.
Structures with an area of several square meters are mounted only at the construction stage, before floor slabs and roof are fixed. The instruction here is as follows:
- If necessary, level the base with a cement pad.
- To waterproof the concrete from the future partition with 2 layers of roofing material.
- At the edges of the septum to put orders. These are vertically arranged slats having marks that correspond to the rows of panels. Then you need to pull the moor. This is a horizontal cord.
- Install the first row of panels dry.
- Prepare a binder for the seams. Use gypsum, in which a means is added to slow down its drying. To fill the seams, you can use the finished gypsum plaster or mix it with alabaster. In the latter embodiment, the cost of 1 kg of solution will be less. But you will have to spend time experimenting with the selection of the optimal ratio for setting the material.
- Fill the vertical joints with a binder solution. Install fittings. In the place of the upper horizontal groove in the wall, make 2 holes. Drive in reinforcement segments there. Attach several pieces of reinforcement to them, fixing them with wire.
- Put gypsum mortar on top of the groove. Install the next row of panels on it. Be sure to bandage the vertical seams. From row to row, they should shift about a quarter of their length.
The following rows need to be laid out in a similar way.
To cut gypsum concrete, experts advise using a grinder with the usual circle for cutting stone. Also suitable is a circular saw, jigsaw. But they quickly become dull.
Conclusion
Choosing gypsum concrete partitions, the owner can always be sure of the reliability of the structure being constructed. But given the variety of products, it is recommended that you first consult with a specialist who will not only give practical advice on purchasing products, but also answer any question regarding installation work.
Only with the observance of technology, the design will turn out to be durable and well arranged. Or products will be just as a decorative wall.