Human sports physiology is an integral component of several practical disciplines at once: psychology, medicine, biochemistry, biomechanics.
Without awareness of the normal course of physiological processes and their constant signs, it is difficult for specialists to objectively assess the state of the body, its functionality in different conditions.
Relevance
Sports should be safe and effective, therefore, an understanding of the basic mechanisms that ensure the existence of an organism in harmony with the environment is necessary.
Physiology is the science that takes a comprehensive approach to the study and analysis of numerous internal and intersystemic connections of the human body, bringing them together into one theoretical picture.
Features and relevance
Sports physiology is a scientific and educational discipline. It is being studied in secondary and higher physical education institutions. For example, such a discipline is taught in pedagogical universities at the faculties of physical education, as well as at the departments of medical academies.
Sports physiology is also needed by physiologists, trainers, and sports doctors.
Content
What is its structure? Sports physiology consists of two separate, interconnected sections. The first consists of the physiological basis for the adaptation of people to various physical activities. Also, the general sports physiology of a person considers issues related to the reserve capabilities of the body, functional capabilities during sports work, and ways to restore athletes after long competitions.
The second part is a private sports physiology. This section is devoted to the division of physical exercises, an analysis of the mechanisms and characteristics of the formation of motor skills and qualities.
Age-related sports physiology is associated with assessing the performance of children and adults of different ages. It also affects the physiological characteristics of the functioning of the body in difficult training conditions.
Exercise is good only in those cases when they do not lead to a deterioration in the health status of people who are training.
Any school physical education teacher , trainer in the sports section should have knowledge about the functions of the human body. Only when taking into account the vital functions of a child, adolescent, adult athlete, it is possible to rationally and safely use muscle loads as part of sports training and physical education.
Tasks and content
The possession of the history of any science is considered an important prerequisite for the rational and conscious use of it. Literature on sports physiology is in the libraries of educational institutions. A list of books for students is offered by the teacher.
Sports physiology is a special section of physiology that studies the changes in the functions of the human body. As well as their basic mechanisms under the influence of sports (muscle) work. Also, the tasks of sports physiology include the justification of all activities that are aimed at increasing motor activity.
Communication with other sciences
According to the situation in the system of training instructors and teachers of physical education, sports physiology is interconnected with three groups of scientific and educational disciplines. The first group includes fundamental sciences, on which it is based, whose theoretical achievements, working methods it uses. Among such disciplines it is necessary to mention biology, physics, chemistry, as well as the physiology of animals and humans.
The second group is represented by educational and scientific disciplines that directly interact with sports physiology. For example, this is biochemistry, anatomy, hygiene, biomechanics, psychology.
Physical education is impossible without the disciplines that make up the subject's methodology: physiotherapy exercises, sports medicine, and pedagogy.
Important aspects
Among the areas of activity that sports physiology pays close attention to is the justification, creation, as well as the implementation of measures that guarantee the achievement of excellent sports results while maintaining the physical health of athletes. That is why it can be considered an applied and preventive science, which explains the ways and options for increasing efficiency, rapid recovery of processes.
Possession of the latest techniques and working methods allows coaches and physical education teachers to avoid overwork, overwork of children and adolescents, to conduct timely and high-quality prevention of various diseases.
Distinctive features
All materials used in sports physiology are obtained through experimental activity. For example, thanks to additional practical experiments, it is possible to clarify changes in the state of a person with strong physical exertion. Sports physiology is engaged in a comparative study of the functional state of the human body.
Research Features
The study is carried out initially, in the process, as well as after the completion of motor activity.
To do this in real conditions is very problematic, therefore, a variety of stress tests were created that allow metered changes in physical activity, control the changes that appear at different periods of human activity. For this, a treadmill, a bicycle ergometer, steps of different heights, as well as devices that can record the performance of the respiratory, cardiovascular, central, muscular system at a distance, are used. Information is transmitted via telemetry channels.
To summarize
An important place in the theory of physical education is sports physiology. It is the knowledge base that a trainer and physical education teacher needs, carrying out focused work on raising high-quality sports results while maintaining human health. A trainer who owns information about the physiological processes taking place in the body of his wards will be able to build his work on a scientific basis, without harming the health of trained athletes. In addition, the instructor must be aware of the essence of the changes that occur in the athlete’s body during the rehabilitation period in order to fully influence them, accelerating the recovery process.
Summing up, it should be noted that sports physiology is not only an educational, but also a scientific discipline that solves two important problems at once.
One is a physiological explanation of the laws of the formation of human health through a variety of physical exercises, as well as increasing its resistance to numerous adverse environmental factors: pressure, temperature, water and air pollution.
This scientific discipline is aimed at preserving and restoring the work of the body, preventing overwork of athletes during professional and amateur training. All these issues are resolved in the framework of mass physical education and sports.
The second question of sports physiology is the substantiation on the basis of physiology of those activities that are aimed at achieving results in big sport. The problems mentioned above do not coincide, because in order to obtain high results, an athlete often must withstand such loads that can negatively affect his state of health, leading to the appearance of serious diseases.
General physiology considers the main features of the human body of various ages and sex, as well as various mechanisms of the systems and organs, their interaction.