Federal executive authorities. Functions of the Federal Executive Bodies

Each state, without exception, organizes the management of society through power. This is a key element in coordinating any social relations. However, power in the form in which we are all used to seeing it has appeared recently. More specifically, the state form of government today is based on law. This was far from always. In ancient times, power in tribes, communities and small countries in almost all cases was based solely on violence. However, this form of coordination of society operates only in the hands of a strong and independent leader. With his death, any violent structure simply collapses.

Later, people began to use religion. This form of organization of power in the country has become more widespread. But in the Enlightenment, when science and fundamental knowledge came to the fore, religious beliefs began to be forgotten. Thus, people began to use a more suitable form of organization of public administration, namely, law. It should be noted that thanks to this category, power in any country is legitimate and is divided into three main parts. In the article we will consider only one of them, as well as introduce the main federal executive bodies. Let's talk about their powers and functions.

Concept of power

It should be noted that almost all federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation exist to coordinate society and relations in it. In other words, with their help, the top of the country is realizing its political program. Thus, the executive bodies are quite closely correlated with state power. However, few people know what the latter category is. There are many ways to describe it legally. The most “classical” look at the problems of state power gives the assertion that this category determines the possibility of a group of persons or one person to fully control the activities of society. Therefore, state power is not only a single concept, but a whole system of interests, rights and obligations, bodies in the person of which the category is actually realized.

Signs of state power

To understand the functions and key tasks of executive bodies, you should familiarize yourself with the signs of state power. In the theory of law, a large number of various features of public administration are usually put forward. However, the most common are the following:

1. State power is exercised in the presence of a subject, object and content of legal relations between them.
2. The legislation spells out in detail the key powers of state bodies.
3. In practice, the tasks of state power are realized as clearly and fully as possible.
4. In the Russian Federation, as in other countries, the principle of separation of powers applies.
5. In a state, power is legitimate. Only in this case will it realize its functions in the highest quality.

Features of the principle of separation of government in the country

It should be noted that the federal executive bodies in the Russian Federation exist only due to the once created principle of separation of powers.

Paradoxical as it may seem, this legal category was developed during the Enlightenment by philosophers and thinkers: Charles Louis De Montesquieu and John Locke. According to this principle, power in any country is divided into legislative, judicial and executive branches. This approach allows us to most fully and competently divide the spheres of government between the key bodies of the state. In this case, the executive branch has its own structure and features, which will be discussed later.

Executive branch

As we understand it, the federal executive bodies consist in the structure of the same branch of government. It, in turn, is a system of separate powers that allow you to manage the affairs of the country. In addition, the executive branch is also often characterized as a system of bodies that are involved in the implementation of legislation in general and its individual norms. These departments exist in the form of a holistic structure based on the principle of subordination, hierarchy. To understand how the federal executive bodies act, it is necessary to understand their legal essence. It’s not difficult to understand.

The concept of executive branch structures

Federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation are government structures that directly manage Russia. These bodies are entrusted with specific functions for implementing the norms of current legislation. In fact, these structures monitor the implementation of legal norms and the legality of their implementation. In addition, there are organs endowed with specific functions. One of these is law enforcement. It should be noted that the federal executive bodies of Russia have their own particular characteristics, structure, staff, and exclusive powers. Moreover, their activities are interconnected with other branches of government. Thus, the federal executive bodies are departments, structures or organizations responsible for the implementation of existing legislation. We think this is understandable.

Signs of departments

The federal bodies of state executive power are endowed with a number of characterizing attributes that cannot be found in other official structures. Thus, the departments presented in the article have the following characteristic features:

• Executive bodies are an element of the central apparatus.
• They have their own structure, which may vary depending on the specific department.
• Acts of federal executive bodies extend their effect throughout the country.
• Their formation occurs in the manner prescribed by applicable law.
• In their work, executive authorities implement specific methods and methods of regulating public relations.
• In accordance with regulatory standards, they implement leadership in the socio-cultural, economic and administrative-political spheres.
  

Functions of the Federal Executive Bodies

As mentioned earlier, the executive branch implements a number of specific tasks and functions in its work. These categories show the quality and effectiveness of the departments mentioned in the article. It should also be noted that the executive branch is a fully independent branch of the public administration of the company. The specificity of its functions is due to the fact that the whole structure, in fact, is a method of directly implementing public interests. This statement is largely confirmed if we analyze in detail the acts of the federal bodies of executive power, in which a special procedure for the implementation of certain specific actions is presented. In accordance with this judgment, a number of key functions can be distinguished:

• Human rights. It indicates that the executive bodies are implementing in practice the principle of respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms.
• Executive. Allows you to comply with the Constitutional norms of the Russian Federation.
• Security. Affects many sectors of public life. Thanks to her, the administrative-political, socio-cultural and economic sector of the Russian Federation functions normally. It is the security function that is responsible for the general welfare of the population of the state.
• The rule of law function determines the existing rule of law.

In addition, in the manner prescribed by law, executive departments can issue special normative acts, which indicates the existence of a normative function. The powers of the federal executive body of one direction or another are determined by the protective function of the entire branch. In accordance with its provisions, these departments are authorized to apply various measures of legal influence in case of violation of the legal regime by legal entities or individuals. Thus, the presented functions largely explain the specifics of the executive branch as a whole. It should also be noted that the structure of government bodies is of great interest. It has characteristic features, largely due to the federal structure of the Russian Federation.

Central executive body

The federal executive body that oversees the entire structure of this type of government is the Government of the Russian Federation. According to the provisions of the constitution, this is the highest or the main administrative, executive body of Russia. In the process of its functioning, the structure implements the public policy of the state in a particular sphere of human activity. In its work, it is controlled exclusively by the State Duma or parliament. This approach has democratic principles of building governance in the state. Because the government is an authorized federal executive body. It can carry out direct implementation of normative acts and certain norms of the current legislation. Normative regulation of the activity of this structure is presented in Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia.

Powers of the Government of Russia

It was previously indicated that the Government of our state is an authorized federal executive body. It is able to implement public policy and state law. In addition, the structure has a number of other rather interesting tasks. They, in turn, are manifested in the powers vested in the government. In accordance with the thesis, we can say that the Government has the following fundamental capabilities:

1. Directly develop and provide the state budget of the Russian Federation.
2. To ensure competent and unified implementation of credit, monetary, economic, cultural, environmental, health and social policies.
3. Implement federal property management.
4. To develop measures that ensure state security of the Russian Federation, the rule of law, the implementation of human rights and freedoms.

In accordance with the current legislation, the Government has the right to create a by-law base. It, in turn, allows you to more accurately implement the legal regime that exists in the Russian Federation today.

The structure of executive authorities

The federal executive bodies, 2014 for which became a turning point, in terms of systemic reorganization, are part of one fairly large structure. Classification in this case is carried out depending on the person directly managing departments. It should be noted that in addition to the Government, there is also such a body as the ministry. A federal executive body of this type is structured. Its system usually includes services, agencies, etc. As for ministries, they usually belong to the government.

So, today in the Russian Federation the executive branch is represented as follows:

1. Ministries and services. They are led by the President of the Russian Federation. These include the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, Justice, the Federal Security Services, Security, etc.
2. The second group includes departments directly subordinate to the Government of Russia. As a rule, ministries are part of the central executive body. And smaller formations (agencies and services) are part of a ministry. Today there are a large number of such elements of the Government. These include the Ministry of Health, Culture, Natural Resources and Ecology, Industry, Transport, Finance, etc.
3. Formations quite interesting in their essence are services and agencies, the activities of which are coordinated by the president. They are not part of any ministries and are completely independent departments. To date, there are only five of them left: the antitrust service, the state statistics service, the consumer rights supervision service, the environmental, technical and transport supervision service, as well as the national affairs agency.
4. In the Russian Federation, given its federal structure, there are territorial federal executive bodies. But they are subordinate to the national in their activities, although in some local issues they are endowed with independence.

Thus, the federal executive bodies are a rather interesting structure that operates on the basis of decentralization of subordination. That is, power over the entire executive branch is divided between the President and the Government of Russia. Bodies carry out their functions presented in the article through their own regulatory acts. For example, the orders of federal executive bodies often regulate legislative gaps, which, of course, is an extremely positive factor.

So, in the article we tried to figure out which federal executive bodies exist in Russia. In conclusion, it should be noted that the theoretical aspects of the executive branch are in need of refinement. After all, it is precisely on them in the future that the quality and effectiveness of its direct activities will depend.