In order to make the house warm and beautiful, it is necessary to mount such a structure as a ventilated facade on the walls . What is it, today most owners of suburban areas know. So they call a special "pie", assembled from modern building materials, each of which performs a specific protective function. Installation of such a system is carried out according to certain rules.
Purpose and design features
Ventilated building facades are used to increase the heat-preserving qualities of the walls. The structure of this type usually includes materials such as:
- hydro and vapor barrier films
- insulation
- crate elements
- fine outer skin.
The design of the ventilated facade, as you see, is quite simple. Most often, such systems are assembled right on the spot, after the construction of the walls. Sometimes, for the insulation of houses, prefabricated facades produced by an industrial method are also used. In any case, such designs not only save heating for home owners, but also protect the walls of the building from destruction, significantly increasing their service life.
Ventilation systems differ from other types of facade systems primarily by the presence of a layer through which air freely passes, removing moisture. At the moment, curtain walls of this type are considered the most effective and are used everywhere. Such systems can often be seen on residential buildings of different storeys, on public buildings, on the walls of shops, cafes, restaurants, entertainment complexes, etc.
Varieties
Thus, the construction is often absolutely necessary for a residential building - a ventilated facade. What is it, we have found out. Next, let's see what types of such systems exist.
When constructing a ventilated facade, a wide variety of building materials can be used. As a heat insulator, foam polystyrene or mineral wool is most often used. The lathing is assembled from a beam with a width comparable to the thickness of the insulation, or from an aluminum profile specially designed for this purpose. As a final cladding, lining, block house, siding, metal profiles or porcelain tiles can be used. The last version of the facing is considered the most prestigious.
Design features of porcelain stoneware facades
Ventilated systems with such a fine finish have recently become very popular. Mainly due to its beautiful appearance. Those who want to make their home harmonious and attractive should definitely use such a ventilated facade for its decoration and insulation. What kind of system it is, and in what way it is mounted on the walls - we will talk further.
What are the advantages of porcelain stoneware facades
The advantages of such ventilated systems can be attributed primarily:
- Year-round and versatility. Mounting systems of ventilated facades of this type can be absolutely at any time of the year and on walls made of any material.
- Long life without repair.
- Resistance to various adverse environmental factors.
- Easy to maintain. Wash porcelain tiles very easily. To return the house to a beautiful appearance, you just need to water the walls with hose water.
- Very beautiful and prestigious appearance. Facades decorated in this way look bright, original and rich.
- Fire resistance. Typically, only non-combustible materials are used to assemble such systems.
The disadvantages of this type of finish can be attributed primarily to the high cost and some complexity of installation. The ventilated porcelain stoneware facade is usually assembled only by professional craftsmen. Also an indirect minus of such systems can be called the need for custom-made porcelain tiles. It is quite difficult to get ready-made material for this particular building. After all, the dimensions of the tile should be a multiple of the dimensions of the building itself. Cutting elements when performing finishing work is highly not recommended. Otherwise, the facade will look inharmonious.
Subsystem for ventilated facades
This is the name of the special design through which the finish - in our case, granite - is attached to the walls of the house. The subsystem of the ventilated facade includes such elements as the frame, insulation and waterproofing.
When using porcelain stoneware as a fine finish, the crate is made of special aluminum profiles of a G- and U-shape. Mineral wool and polystyrene foam can be used as insulation. Waterproofing is carried out with special membrane films. Such a subsystem for ventilated facades is characterized by a high degree of reliability. The aluminum profile can easily withstand the weight of the tile, and modern heaters significantly improve the performance of the walls.
Assembly rules for ventilated porcelain stoneware facade
One of the main reasons for the popularity of such designs is their attractive appearance. For the decoration of buildings, usually choose large-sized tiles (600x600, 800x800 and 800x1200 mm). The facades of the house - the area constructions are usually very large, and therefore small porcelain tiles look not too aesthetically pleasing to them.
After the tile, which harmoniously fits into the exterior design of the building, is selected, you can proceed with the assembly of such a system as a ventilated facade. What is it and what is the design of such systems, you now know. Next, we consider the installation technology of all elements of such a facade.
Assembling a ventilated system of this variety includes the following steps:
- wall marking for brackets,
- actually the installation of these elements,
- installation of hydro and thermal insulation,
- mounting rails,
- assembly of the outer stoneware layer.
Bracket mounting
Fix these elements on the wall as evenly as possible. The accuracy of their installation depends on how carefully the ventilated facade looks in the future. Bracket mounting technology includes mandatory pre-marking. It runs like this:
- Lighthouse lines are drawn: the lower horizontal and two vertical (extreme on the facade). You can make the markup correctly using the level.
- Bracket attachment points are plotted along all three lines. It uses indelible construction pencil.
The holes for the brackets are made according to the marking with a punch. In each of them it is necessary to insert a paronite gasket. Brackets are mounted on anchor dowels using a screwdriver.
Hydro and thermal insulation
They continue to assemble such structures as systems of ventilated porcelain stoneware facades by installing materials that increase the protective characteristics of the walls of the building. Insulation plates are hung on them through special slots. Holes can also be made directly by the brackets themselves. Each of the plates is additionally fixed with dish-shaped dowels. Insulating facade elements are installed from bottom to top in a checkerboard pattern. At the next stage, the plates are closed with a waterproof membrane. Its fastening is made to the wall directly through the insulation with dowels of the same type. The film is mounted in the horizontal direction with an overlap of at least 10 cm.
Porcelain Ventilated Facade: Frame Assembly Technology
For the manufacture of crates for tiles, a profile is usually used, the color of which imitates inter-tile seams. Sometimes beautiful aluminum elements polished to a mirror shine are also used.
The installation of the selected U-shaped profiles is started immediately after the waterproofing membrane is fixed to the insulation. They are mounted on brackets in an upright position by means of self-tapping screws. The extreme profiles are fixed at a distance at the end of the brick from the corner. All guides must be carefully aligned using the building level and fixed in the plane.
At the next stage, they begin to assemble the corner elements of the frame. They are made of an L-shaped aluminum profile. The assembly is carried out in such a way that the central vertical element later runs parallel to the corner of the building, and the horizontal ones are securely fixed to the U-shaped extreme guides.
Cladding
The installation of the ventilated system ends with the installation of the porcelain tile itself. Cladding material is fastened to the crate with special clamps. First, mount their lower row, using the building level. Kleimers are fixed to the U-shaped profile with rivets. Next, tiles are installed on the first row of such fasteners. The installer of the ventilated facades supports it with his left hand, and with his right hand he fixes the upper kleimers so that the porcelain tile is securely fixed to the crate. The horizontal and vertical position of the elements is constantly checked through the level.
The assembly procedure of such a design as a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade, as you see, is technologically quite complicated. Of course, people who have experience in performing various kinds of construction and installation works can very well cope with this task on their own. For those who do not have special skills in this matter, the installation of such a system should still be entrusted to specialists.