Any state is a complex socio-political structure, which has many characteristic features. Moreover, the main element of any country is society. This fact suggests that the state unites a huge mass of people. As we understand it, society must not only be used to modernize the country, but also defended. After all, without people, in fact, there will be no states. People understood this fundamental principle at all times, which led to the creation of the military sphere of life. Its representatives have always been held in high esteem in society, because everyone understood the importance of their functions. Later, a narrower, law enforcement detached from the military sector.
Today, these spheres of human activity are quite strongly developed in all states without exception. For example, in the Russian Federation there are a lot of various departments and structures that carry out functions to ensure state and public safety. One of them is the Russian National Guard troops. This structure today has a large number of important tasks. In addition, the troops are a relatively young organization, which will be discussed later in the article.
National Guard Forces: Concept
Internal security of the state, or rather, its provision is a priority for most security agencies. In this regard, the Russian National Guard troops are a military organization whose main purpose is to maintain security, as well as to ensure the freedoms and rights of citizens of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that similar structures today exist in many states, namely: the USA, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Croatia, etc. For a long time, internal troops functioned in many CIS countries, which became the prototype of modern units of the national guard.
Organization History
The troops of the Russian National Guard have an extremely interesting history. The territory of our power, as we know, at all times was far from small. Maintaining order in the country was extremely difficult. Therefore, already in the early stages of the country's development, bodies began to appear that supervised the society and its activities. For example, in the imperial period, there were internal guard buildings. Units were involved in the collection of taxes and the maintenance of public order. In 1836, gendarme units were established on the basis of the internal guard.
During the development of the Soviet Union, the functions of the National Guard were performed by the military units of the Cheka. After World War II, special guard units appeared, which later became the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. They existed until the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Internal troops and their difference from the national guard
As mentioned earlier, the modern military organization of the national guard is relatively young. It was formed only in 2016. Prior to this, internal troops operated on the territory of the Russian Federation, which were the "successors" of similar Soviet units. Today, many believe that the National Guard and the BB are the same structures with different names. This statement is a profound error. The bottom line is that internal troops are a structural unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In turn, the National Guard is a military organization that reports to the department of the same name, which is the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. The range of tasks in this case is expanding significantly. Whereas earlier the goals set by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia were the basis of activity, today the organization has significant freedom of activity. This fact is clearly visible if we analyze the tasks of the troops of the national guard.
Organization Objectives
Today, the Russian National Guard troops are implementing a fairly wide package of various functional tasks. All of them are aimed at ensuring safety. But there are also some specific features. Thus, the main tasks of the National Guard are the following:
- law enforcement and security;
- protection of facilities of national importance;
- Organization of the fight against extremism and terrorism in Russia;
- ensuring martial law and a state of emergency in case of their direct introduction;
- defense of the territory of Russia;
- assistance in the work of the border guards to the FSB;
- monitoring compliance with the law in the field of arms trafficking and the implementation of security activities;
- protection of facilities subject to a special regime.
In accordance with the regulatory documents that will be presented later, other tasks may be assigned to the troops, based on decisions of the President of the Russian Federation.
Legal base of the organization
Any formation whose activities are carried out directly on the territory of Russia should have its own regulatory basis. Otherwise, such a structure will be simply illegal. National Guard troops are also subject to law. The main regulatory sources of the organization are the following:
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation;
- Federal law “On the troops of the national guard of Russia”;
- regulations.
Thus, a special regulatory structure ensures the legitimacy of the activities of the national guard as the formation of the armed or force.
The structure of the national guard of Russia
Any power organization is systemic. A well-organized internal structure allows you to perform the entire array of functional tasks much more efficiently. On the whole, the system of the National Guard of the Russian Federation is borrowed from the once-existing Russian Armed Forces. Moreover, the formation is a structural element of another, more extensive organization. Today it is the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, which was already mentioned earlier in the article. This body belongs to the security forces, which equates it to special services.
It is worth noting that the direct reform of the structure of the national guard of Russia continues to this day. A special change program is designed until 2018. The main goal is the introduction of such units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as SOBR and OMON into the national guard forces. As for the layout of personnel, it will be filled with people with higher education.
ODON: Abbreviation Meaning
As in any military organization, the national guard has a special, essentially elite unit. A separate operational division is the oldest formation of this type. The number of its personnel is more than ten thousand people. The division is actively used in various special and counter-terrorism operations. It should be noted that the representatives of the unit also provide public safety in the territory of the city of Moscow and the Moscow region together with the police.
The position of personnel in the National Guard
The military formation presented in the article has several ways of manning. To date, the number of troops of the Russian National Guard is approximately three hundred thousand people. Moreover, the organization provides for both state civil and military service. Thus, for the implementation of certain functional tasks, completely different types of employees are provided.
Organization Equipment
In their activities, the troops of the National Guard use different technical means. Speaking directly about weapons, it is represented by specimens of Russian and Soviet production. The following copies are used in the activities of the National Guard:
- pistols: PM, PMM, GSh-18, PSS;
- submachine guns: PP-2000, AEK-919K;
- automatic machines: AK74, AKSU74U;
- sniper rifles: SVU, SVD, VSS, ASVK, etc.
As we can see, the equipment of the guard unit is perfect for all functional tasks. In addition, the Russian National Guard troops, the uniform of which is similar to the Russian military, also have special equipment under their command, namely armored vehicles, cars, helicopters and airplanes.
It should be noted that the organization presented in the article is equipped with special means. Among these can be attributed weapons to combat sabotage under water.
Symbols of the Russian National Guard
To date, the National Guard of the Russian Federation does not have official symbols, because it is under development. But given the fact that the organization presented in the article is a “descendant” of the internal troops, the symbolism of these structures will most likely be similar.
The emblem of the national guard of Russia today exists in outline. It is a golden double-headed eagle with a crown on its head.
So, we tried to consider the features, structure and technical equipment of the troops of the national guard. Let's hope that the reform process will end in this military organization and it will become a fully functioning link that will protect the rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation.