Strategy for innovative development of Russia until 2020. State programs of the Russian Federation

State programs of the Russian Federation have become the main tool for solving the most important tasks of social and economic development. Innovation is an integral part of the economic progress of any state. Therefore, it is especially important to study the development strategy of the Russian economy in terms of innovation, its tasks and implementation methods.

What is innovation?

There are so many definitions of innovation today. The table provides a comparative analysis of the main foreign theories that define innovation in different ways. The founder of the doctrine of innovation is considered to be I. Schumpeter, who, studying the nature of the changes associated with the mesophyte emergence of new materials or approaches in human life, called any such changes innovations.

The concept of innovation is most widely disclosed in international recommendations called the Oslo Guide and the Frascati Guide. In these documents, translated into almost all languages ​​of the world, the concept of innovation is interpreted as the result of activities that are used in practice as a new / improved product, technology or process.

Innovation leads to the renewal of capital and includes not only the innovation itself, but also the stages of creating, implementing and using the innovation to meet changing human needs.

What are the innovations?

Innovation is a young, developing science, therefore, there are many directions for their division into groups. Innovations are classified by the nature of the application, the reasons for their occurrence, the degree of influence on the production or other process. It is generally accepted to use the following classification of innovations:

1. Product innovation. They are focused on the production and introduction of new products. In this case, the predominant role of supply over demand in the economic sense occurs. Product innovation can characterize the Russian economy in the Soviet period.
2. Technological innovation. They are often called process ones, since they are aimed at modifying technological processes and increase production efficiency. Technological innovations are also often the most profitable, as they can generate revenue on sale without losing their usefulness to the owner.
3. Social innovation. These are changes in the structure of society and relationships in specific social groups. They are often implemented to change priorities in society, for example, to increase the role of socially useful activities compared to the personal interests of the employee.
4. Managerial innovation. Include targeted updates for organization management.
5. Economic innovation . They have an impact on the development of the economy of a whole region or the process of functioning in a market environment of a particular business entity.

Law on Planning Innovation Development in Russia until 2020

The legal framework for the development of science and technology began to develop long before our days. Back in the Soviet period, laws were developed on strategies for the economic development of the state, including instructions for the modernization of the country's most important industries. As part of such changes, rationalization proposals from workers on increasing the efficiency of a particular operation were popular. This was a fairly simple and cheap method of motivating the development of a non-standard approach of people to their work and made it possible to improve technological chains right on the ground without extra budget spending, which brought quite a noticeable effect.

The development of innovations was also reflected in regulatory documents, and the most important of them was the “Strategy for Innovative Development of Russia until 2020”, December 8, 2011 approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2227-p.

It is designed to significantly change the structure of the economy of our country, to raise the technological and scientific aspects of management to a new level, as well as to provide the opportunity for the Russian educational sector to successfully compete with world leaders in this field.

Targets and goals

The “Strategy for the Innovative Development of Russia until 2020” determines the main approaches and mechanisms for modernizing and improving the country's innovation policy . It contains key indicators that are planned to be achieved by 2020. They may vary depending on the course of implementation of the measures laid down in the strategy.

In particular, an increase in the number of industrial enterprises is envisaged, which will lead to an increase in exports and Russia's share in the international markets for new technologies. The indicator also indicates the degree of citation and the volume of publications of Russian scientists in international scientific journals. The development of patenting and the quality of higher education are also given special attention.

Implementation ways

The innovation development strategy of the Russian Federation provides for the following measures:

• The introduction of innovative technologies in government agencies, budget organizations.
• Modernization of personnel policy in the field of science, technology, innovation and education.
• Motivation and stimulation of innovative business.
• Russia's participation in global innovation, the creation of innovation clusters.
  

The Innovative Russia 2020 strategy will be implemented taking into account the priorities of technological development of individual regions of the country and effective state support for private entrepreneurship in the field of the latest developments.

The main mechanisms for the implementation of this strategy were programs at the federal level of a scientific and technical orientation, as well as regional long-term and short-term programs for the development of science, education and innovation.

Implementation Risks

State programs of the Russian Federation do not always achieve their tasks. What are the risks that the new strategy for innovative development of Russia until 2020 will be untenable?

Firstly, the causes caused by external factors can lead to negative consequences:

• Infrastructure changes.
• Personnel changes in strategically important organizations and the state apparatus.
• Financial instability of the economy.
  

Secondly, there are internal risks:

• Significant changes in the education system, which undermine the process of forming the potential of scientific inventions.
• Change in the number of scientists in fundamental and applied science.
• A sharp reduction in the financing of the educational sector.

The "Strategy for the Innovative Development of Russia until 2020" is designed to bring about a real innovative breakthrough in the domestic economy and ensure the well-being of Russians for many years to come. The ongoing reform of the educational sector just confirms the focus of the Russian government on this result.