In the construction industry, the methodology of geodetic study of the terrain is widely used. Such events provide information on soil properties, terrain characteristics, hydrological conditions and other parameters. The collection of such information is required for the preparation of a project for the construction of a building or engineering communications device in the study area.
The process of studying the terrain at the main stage is carried out in the field. In other words, directly on the future construction site. In turn, the desk work on the processing of the obtained data is performed in laboratory conditions by experimental analysis. At the exit, specialists present a full report on the results of the study in the form of text and graphic documents.
General information about cameral processing
After conducting geodetic, engineering or cartographic studies of the terrain, the received data is transmitted to a special department for processing information. Depending on the direction of research, further processing can be carried out with the aim of studying rock samples of the massif, the level of groundwater occurrence, or forming a visual picture of the structural structure of the relief.
In other words, field and office work can be represented as a sequence of stages in the study of the characteristics of the territory on which construction activities are planned. If in the course of field surveys, specialists collect source material at the target site, then further processing acts as a procedure for their analysis. At the same time, cameral operations can use not only field work data. Often applied the results of geological surveys, mineralogical and geochemical collection and geochronological primary survey.
Raw materials for office processing
After the field work, a documentation package is formed with the necessary information for the project. The information may contain rock characteristics, soil cover, groundwater composition, parameters of individual objects in the study area, photographs, relief profiles, etc.
In addition, desk work provides for the possibility of studying minerals. This is a special area of research, in which the task is not to collect information for construction needs, but to monitor the area for the presence of certain rocks. In this case, it is not their composition that is important, but the probability of the presence of minerals of a particular group. Material ready for processing can be presented in the form of graphs with sections of the soil, maps, territory models, text descriptions, etc.
Office Specialist Toolkit
Modern approaches to geodetic studies rarely do without computer modeling. The use of computer technology, in particular, allows you to effectively perform mathematical calculations with a synthesis of data obtained on the compositions of the same rocks.
The tasks of detecting discrepancies in leveling and theodolite characteristics are also common. In this part of the study, a structural image of the soil is formed in a particular area. Using it, you can draw up a general model of the soil cover with its layers and possible foreign inclusions.
Professional desk work in surveys is not complete without systems that allow the preparation of geographical information models, thanks to which the automated design procedure is subsequently carried out. Similar operations are performed on special software. For example, MapInfo Professional, Topocad and GeoniCS platforms can be distinguished.
Preparation for work
Before the start of processing operations, source materials should be formed in a form convenient for presentation. This is especially true for information that is planned to be used in software. Equipment for testing and experimental analysis is also being prepared.
The fact is that desk work in some areas involves the creation of conditions that are close to operational with respect to the future project object. Thus, a preliminary comparison is made of the characteristics of the terrain in terms of suitability for the construction of buildings or the laying of communications. Special measuring instruments are also being prepared. They are calibrated and adjusted to specific groups of materials.
The main stages of work
First of all, the processing of data recorded in the tachometric logs is performed. At this stage, a model is formed with the territory, objects located on it, possible communications and hydrological resources. At the next stage, a rationale for shooting is drawn up.
For the correctness of the data, specialists perform accurate calculation with an increment of coordinates, and also indicate the location points of the equipment. The subsequent stages of desk work include the preparation of a topographic plan of the area. Here, a reconciliation of the compiled scheme with the primary data is performed. Again, depending on the nature of the study and the tasks set, a separate analysis of minerals, soil layers, water resources and construction objects located on the target territory can be performed.
Final stage of processing
After completing the basic procedures, a package of documents is compiled containing the results of the analysis. In particular, this may be a technical report with explanations attached by topographic maps and digital terrain models. A geodetic survey also requires compiling information about the land use potential of the territory and the points of the reference survey network.
Data on how the work of the cameral department was organized, on the methods and technical means used, are also mandatory. Describes the technology, equipment characteristics and methods of processing the source materials.
Scopes of office processing
Mostly research activities of this kind are carried out in the preparation of construction projects and land surveying. Processing of geodetic materials allows you to systematize the characteristics that help to get an idea about the potential construction of a particular object.
It is also worth noting the importance of a planned desk audit. Work in this format is important from the point of view of preventing accidents associated with changes in the geotechnical parameters of the soil. In studies of this kind, seismological data, information on the movement of groundwater, the dynamics of landscape shifts, etc., are taken into account.
Conclusion
The basis for information about the terrain is almost always the data of field work. This is the basic format for researching the territory, without which it is impossible to generate reports for further project activities. The task of desk work on the one hand is reduced to streamlining the information received, and on the other, to its refinement and correct presentation.
The information already obtained during this processing is sent to the design and architectural department. Next, experts decide on the possibility of building in the studied area or make adjustments to the initial technical sketch based on the available data.