The installation of elevator equipment is a complex process, which involves the implementation of a whole range of diverse operations. At the same time, the techniques for performing these works differ depending on the parameters of the lifting system and the conditions of its operation. Requirements for the installation of elevator equipment are approved in a special section of GOST under the index 22845 - 77.
General requirements for installation work
Installation of elevators can only be carried out by qualified crews of workers who have the appropriate license or permit SRO . Also , the equipment used must comply with technical standards and be selected taking into account the operating conditions at a particular facility. In the course of performing work actions, temporary lighting is organized at the installation site, the parameters of which are approved by GOST. Installation of elevator equipment is carried out under illumination of at least 50 lux with lamps that are supplied with energy from sources with a voltage of not more than 42 V. Lighting devices should be located above the scaffolds so that their buildings and communication networks do not interfere with work. All doorways at the time of installation are provided with barriers with a height of at least 110 cm.
Preparatory Activities
At the first stage, the walls of the shaft are made, in which then the cutting of technical joints is performed without tolerance of cavities to the entire width. After this, the surfaces can be treated with plaster and paintwork. Prior to the installation work, the equipment is prepared by the manufacturer. As part of these activities, the technical condition of the structure, components and functional mechanisms is checked. Depending on the agreement with the customer, the same manufacturer can supply and install elevator equipment according to his own instructions. But before this, the customer must also provide the executors with the necessary documentation with requirements for the operation capabilities of the elevator. Based on the general source documentation , an installation project is being developed.
Installation of the structural part
New buildings are equipped with elevator units using cargo cranes. For this, a machine room was originally designed for further fixing the structure. In this way, installation of elevator equipment is carried out in a monolithic mine, which is specially calculated for the characteristics of a particular unit. The main operations are associated with the installation of load-bearing elements by welding. Then reinforcing work is carried out, during which a working platform is installed on the shaft of the mine, as well as the installation of metal rods - horizontal and vertical.
Formwork measures include marking the base, installing braces and treating the shields with special grease. Next, the workers proceed to assembly operations on the external and internal contours. If the installation of elevator equipment is made on a concrete basis with the creation of a screed, then further operations should be carried out after the mortar completely solidifies. Depending on the same operating conditions, additional insulation may be arranged in the main part of the installation work. Typically, the equipment is initially selected taking into account the optimal characteristics of insulation and noise absorption, but if necessary, these properties can be achieved by external decoration of the panels, for example with foam or mineral wool.
Electric installation work
At this stage, electricians carry out the wiring of the supply wires, install grounding and grounding buses, and also connect the cable lines to the electrical equipment. Using a megaohmmeter, the insulation resistance on the wires is checked, as well as the voltage level. Typically, electrical equipment, in order to provide additional protection against voltage surges, is interfaced with local or own stabilizing equipment. It is advisable to use autonomous equipment with backup power supply for this. In accordance with the regulations, the installation of elevator equipment also provides for the installation of fire protection systems. This also applies to temporary devices for the period of work events, and permanent fire extinguishing equipment, which is connected to the main energy supply system of the elevator.
Commissioning activities
The operability of the elevator structure is tested by testing on the entire range of operational parameters under load. Optimum modes and settings of equipment operation are also selected taking into account the nature of the intended use. At the very beginning of the test, manufacturers recommend a test run at full height. Moreover, the launch of the cabin is done manually due to the efforts of the winch . This operation will allow you to assess the size of the gaps, the quality of the operation of the locking mechanisms and safety devices. In addition, the requirements for the installation of elevator equipment relate to the initial calculation of the balancing of goods with balances. In the event that structural defects are detected ( from the point of view of directional accuracy when the mass is displaced in a particular section), the workers re-adjust the position of the platform. Accuracy adjustment is carried out in two modes - with and without load.
Conclusion
The quality of installation of elevator systems depends not only on the qualifications of the contractors, but also on the design assignment. It should take into account the parameters of the optimal design of the equipment, and the characteristics of the building in which the operation of the unit is planned. In addition, installation of elevator equipment may involve deviations from a given sequence of work if unplanned influence factors occur. Typically, such corrections are made at the stages of the construction of the mine, when, for example, it is necessary to expect the polymerization of the same screed. Depending on the external conditions, this time may take several days, therefore, industrial heating equipment is often used to accelerate the platform freezing process.