No state can exist uncontrollably, but any government should have a clear structure so as not to deal with everything at once. The system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by the Constitution, according to it, they should be divided into judicial, executive and legislative. With all this, all regulatory bodies that relate to them should be independent and be able to make decisions.
It should be borne in mind that such a division cannot be regarded as the principle of the existence of three authorities, which are in no way connected with each other. The single power that belongs to the state is divided into three branches that have a certain level of authority. The used principle of the existence of such a system cannot be considered as the only one, since it plays an orienting role.
Who can be attributed to power?
The system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by the independence of each of the branches of government, but it is important to understand who exercises power in it. We are talking about the president of the country, the State Duma, the Federation Council, the government, as well as the courts. The head of state is obliged to ensure the correct work of all government bodies, and it is on him that the directions of foreign and domestic policy depend, which the country will adhere to for a certain period.
All power in the Russian Federation, when considered in a first approximation, is divided into state and local. The most detailed information about the first can be found in articles 10 and 11 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and about the second - in articles 12, 130, 131, 132 and 133. Please note that the information in this document may change as the amendments are adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation. All changes are usually published on the official portal of this authority.
Powers of the President of the Russian Federation
At first glance, the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation characterizes the general state of government of the country, so the president must control it in its entirety. However, in reality, the head of state does not belong to any of the existing branches of power, he only has very close ties with them. First of all, this concerns the executive branch, because all the orders of the president of the Russian Federation are of an appropriate nature, for example, the appointment of ministers and the chairman of the government.
There is an unspoken point of view according to which the head of state is called the fourth branch of government, but this is not officially reflected anywhere. Most practicing lawyers insist that the president is part of the executive branch, since he is the one who controls state policy, law enforcement agencies, and the functioning of a large number of programs. The Constitution directly says that in Russia there is no such term as the head of the executive branch, therefore, attributing the head of state there is not entirely correct.
Legislature
As you already know, the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by the independence of each of its branches. This is especially pronounced in the legislative branch, which is committed to initiating innovations in existing regulations, as well as eliminating those that are outdated or irrelevant today. State bodies under the jurisdiction of this authority can adjust taxation, the state budget, ratify international treaties, etc.
In the Russian Federation, this branch of government is expressed in the form of the State Duma and the Federation Council; in the regions, issues are resolved through legislative assemblies. The form of government will be of great importance. If it’s parliamentary, then the legislature becomes supreme, and gets the right to even appoint the president of its own country, while the latter plays a “decorative” role, appearing only at social events.
If we are talking about the presidential form, the situation is changing - the parliament is elected by the inhabitants of the country separately from the president. The task of the parliament is to filter a large number of legislative acts and projects that are proposed for consideration by the head of state. The latter, by the way, has the right to dissolve the existing meeting and announce the launch of a new convocation.
Executive branch
The system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by a peculiar combination of legislative and executive powers. The second is necessary so that the Constitution and laws adopted for the good of the country are constantly implemented, thus satisfying the interests, requirements and demands of society. The implementation of this power consists in the use of state methods and administrative means necessary to comply with the rights of a resident of the Russian Federation.
This branch includes federal agencies, services and various ministries. The composition of these bodies is determined through elections, in which all interested citizens of Russia take part. The fundamental difference of this power is that it itself does not create anything, its main task is execution and control. However, it has its own advantages, for example, it is she who has a large number of material resources and powers that can be exercised by force in relation to violators of legislative acts.
Judicial branch
Another feature - the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation characterizes the subordination of courts to parliament. And in fact, the entire system of the judiciary is obliged to monitor the implementation of normative and legislative acts, in connection with which its staff should be sure to familiarize themselves with them, and one can’t do without additional acquaintance with parliament. Judicial power is necessary to use criminal measures against citizens of the Russian Federation guilty of any crime.
The jurisdiction of this branch of government also includes the resolution of legal claims between two or more residents of the Russian Federation, as well as the consideration of cases related to contradictions in existing legislation. Quite frequent are cases where judges give an independent interpretation of existing legal norms, while not taking into account the process that they are executing. Courts also help achieve recognition of the facts or even strengthen the legal status if the issue does not fall outside the jurisdiction of lawyers.
Separately, it is worth noting the main principle according to which the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation characterizes the subordination of judges to the federal body - strict control. In the event that the work of the courts is carried out without it, violations will begin to appear in their work, unfair sentences will be issued, etc.
Hierarchy
The system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by a clear structure, which absolutely all citizens of the state should know about. So, directly under the President of the country are his administration, the Security Council of the Russian Federation and the State Council. From the point of view of the legislative branch, the highest level is the Federal Assembly, which includes the State Duma and the Council of Federations.
The main department of executive power is the Government of the Russian Federation, which, in turn, is subject to federal ministries, services and agencies. The judiciary is divided into two branches: the federal judiciary and the judiciary in the constituent entities of the country. The first should include the Constitutional, Supreme and Supreme Arbitration Courts of the Russian Federation, and the second - institutes of magistrates and constitutional-constitutional courts.
Local authorities
Based on this, it can be concluded that the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by total control of all relevant bodies. However, it should be noted that in addition to state power, there is also local power. Her work is also stipulated by the most important document of the country - the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
It should include the leaders of urban and rural settlements, who at the same time are the guarantor of power and are obliged to obey federal laws and regulations. In the event that the head of your locality behaves improperly and his actions violate applicable laws, you have every right to file a complaint with a higher authority.
Power “vertically”
The horizontal hierarchy seems quite simple, but if you answer the question about what characterizes the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation, one of the answer points will be the division of powers “vertically”. This phrase should be understood that the central structure used repeats itself at each of the levels. For example, local authorities should also determine in their regions representatives of the legislative, executive and judicial powers, and monitor their future work.
All the subjects of the Russian Federation seem to copy the state hierarchy - they have their own territorial authorities, they even have representatives of the Presidential Administration, there are even structures that cannot be officially attributed to its main branches. This principle of work is used not only in the Russian Federation, but also in other foreign countries, for example, France.
Constitutional state
The system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by the subordination and total control of all its branches over each other. And in fact, the executive branch cannot carry out its work efficiently if the standards that were invented by the legislative branch do not comply with current legislation. This technique corresponds to the concept of the rule of law, in which all the activities that it carries out are subject to a number of fundamental principles aimed at preserving the rights, dignity and protection of citizens.
This concept is the opposite of arbitrariness, despotism, dictatorship, as well as the absence of law and order in principle. One of his goals is to limit and direct the process of exercising power in the country, without diminishing the importance of those specialists who are related to it. Thus, if you are asked a question about what characterizes the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation, your answer should be as simple and clear as possible - the existence of a rule of law state.
When using such an algorithm for the existence of a country, everyone should have an idea of expectations in relation to all subjects protected from the point of view of jurisprudence. Morality, justice, equality, freedom, rights and dignity of citizens must be protected, otherwise the government will lose its authority.
Exclusion Bodies
If you are suddenly interested in the question of what characterizes the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation, you can find the answer to it in the Constitution of the state, as well as in a number of regulatory acts. However, in addition to the president, there are other authorities that do not correspond to the three main branches. For example, the plenipotentiary of the president, his functionality is in active interaction with legislative, judicial and executive bodies.
Another state body is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; its top management is elected by the State Duma. A financial organization is obliged to monitor the economic stability of the state and the growth of the corresponding potential, as well as issue bank notes. At the same time, the bank does not depend on other government representatives in any way and operates autonomously. The Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation works in a similar way , its experts are selected by the Federation Council and the State Duma, it is called upon to monitor the implementation of the budget for the established period.
Conclusion
Now that you already know that the system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by the subordination of judges, ministries and departments to each other, it will be much easier to understand the hierarchy. For the sake of curiosity, you can compare similar models of the political system in other countries, and in most cases you will find a large number of matches and similar elements. This is largely due to the fact that each state seeks to protect its citizens from emerging problems and difficulties.
It should also be noted that in a dialogue with the authorities, knowledge of its structure helps to significantly simplify communication. The system of separation of powers in the Russian Federation is characterized by the existence of mutual control of each of its branches, and this fact allows many citizens of the Russian Federation to hope for the protection of their rights and interests.