Currently, during the prosperity of various films, the action of which takes place in space, acts of ultra-fast movement of ships in outer space have become popular. This is achieved by a sharp increase in the speed of the vessel to a superluminal value. In this regard, theories already appear, the purpose of which is to scientifically prove the reliability of this process.
Miguel Alcubierre
This person is a representative of theoretical physics. Alcubierre is known for its so-called Alcubierre engine. The phenomenon described by Miguel is based on the statement that the spacecraft can move at a speed higher than light (in general terms - at absolutely any speed), bending the space in front and behind itself.
Alcubierre is a native of Mexico. The year of his birth is 1964. He married Maria Emilia Beyer, and they had a daughter. Miguel currently has four children.
Bubble Alculberra
The Alcubierre bubble, or the Alcubierre engine (or the Alcubierre metric, referring to the metric tensor) is a speculative theory that is based on solving the equations of the gravitational field (Einstein's equation) in GR, it was proposed by the Mexican theoretical physicist named Alcubierre. According to this theory, a spacecraft is capable of overtaking something faster than light will do, but with the condition that the field energy density appears less than in a vacuum (the phenomenon of negative mass).
Instead of exceeding the speed of light in the framework of the local CR, the spacecraft will cover distances by changing the space (reducing it in front and expanding behind it), which will lead to extremely fast movement of this object. This kind of distortion of space is called the Alcubierre bubble. According to the laws of physics, bodies cannot accelerate to light speed within the natural position of space and time; instead, according to Alcubierre’s theory, the body will move the space around itself so that it finds itself at the destination faster than light, without violating any physical laws.
Reasons why such a movement cannot be realized
Although the metric proposed by Alcubierre is consistent with the Einstein field equations, it may not have physical meaning, and in this case such movement will not be carried out. Even if it is physically significant, its ability will not necessarily mean that a ship can be built. The proposed Alcubierre engine mechanism implies a negative energy density and therefore requires an unknown substance. So if unknown matter with the correct properties cannot exist, then a storage ring cannot be built. However, at the end of his original article, Alcubierre argued (following an argument developed by physicists analyzing passable wormholes) that the Casimir vacuum between parallel plates could satisfy the need for negative energy for the Alcubierre engine.
Another possible problem is that although the Alcubierre bubble is consistent with Einstein's equations, the general theory of relativity does not take into account quantum mechanics. Some physicists have argued that the theory of quantum gravity (which would include both theories) would exclude those solutions in general relativity that allow time travel backward (the hypothesis of the defense of chronology) and thus invalidate the Alcubierre theory.
Sergey Krasnikov
Sergey Krasnikov is a Russian theoretical physicist. He developed his own theory called the Krasnikov’s pipe, which states the possibility of movement in space at light speed.
Trumpet Krasnikova
The Krasnikov tube is a speculative theory of cosmic displacements, the basis of which is the deformation of space and time in the design of the form of a pipe (tunnel). The result is comparable to a wormhole, the extreme points of which are offset in time and space. The theory was proposed and theoretically explained by Sergei Krasnikov in 1995.
A tube is a design of altered space-time that can be intentionally obtained (using a certain technology) as a result of movement at light speed. Krasnikov’s handset allows you to return to the past immediately after you left. This artificial “tube” with a length of a number of light years is probably a megastructure, but unlike other megastructures, it is not from a physical substance, such as titanium or plastic, but simply a distortion of space-time.
Trumpet Krasnikova. Single pipe case
Krasnikov expresses the opinion that despite the time machine, as an aspect of its metric, it still does not have the right to violate the law of causation (cause precedes consequence in all systems and along the entire space-time path), since all points along the ring-shaped path, the ship's movements with superluminal speed are always ordered in time and are divided into certain intervals (in algebraic terms, c2dt2 is by definition more than dx2 + dy2 + dz2). And this, in turn, means that the light message sent through the Krasnikov pipe will not be used to transmit signals back in time.
Case with two pipes
While one Krasnikov tube does not present a cause-and-effect relationship, Allen E. Everett and Thomas A. Roman from Tufts University suggested that two Krasnikov tubes, running in opposite to each other, can create a closed, like time, a curve that would break the causal relationship. For example, just suppose that a tube has been built connecting the earth with a specific star, which is located at a distance of 3 thousand light years. Astronauts travel at such speeds that travel on this tube takes only a year and a half (from their point of view). Then the astronauts laid the second pipe instead of returning to the first that they produced. After another year and a half of ship time, they will return to Earth, but after 6 thousand years in the future of their departure. But now, when both Krasnikov’s tubes are in place, astronauts from the future are able to travel to the star in the second tube, and then to Earth along the first pipe, but they reached the final point of the route 6 thousand years before their departure. The system of two Krasnikov pipes turned into a time machine.
In 1993, Matt Wisser argued that a pair of wormholes with an induced clock difference were not able to combine without causing effects, which would either destroy the wormhole or simply interact with each other in the form of repulsion. This statement suggests that such a situation would not allow a time machine to appear from a pair of Krasnikov pipes. That is, the fluctuation of the vacuum will grow exponentially, and ultimately destroy the second Krasnikov tube as it approaches the limit of the circle, similar to the time in which causality is violated.
Alcubierre Bubble or Krasnikov Trumpet
Each of these theories involves the implementation of space-time distortion and the movement of a spacecraft at light speed (under certain conditions). Scientists who are knowledgeable in this field express something like the following:
- Changing the position of the body in space at the speed of light is possible. It is only necessary to move either in the bubble in which the curvature of space and time occurs, or in the pipe (tunnel), which is able to connect the diametrical points of the world (space).
That is, for the interpretation of the essence of motion with light speed and its subsequent explanation, these theories are equally suitable and not.