When constructing production facilities, free-standing supports are used. For the construction of walls, foundation beams are used, which allow you to fasten the entire frame of the base of the structure. The positive aspects in their application are the increase in the prefabrication of the building, the facilitation of underground utilities inside the building.
Beams are necessarily used in those structures where brickwork is present in part of the basement and walls. In buildings with curtain wall panels, these bases do not carry loads.
Foundation beams, which are used when installing in glasses of columns, are longer than materials located in the upper part of the base of the building. The difference in size is one meter.
When erecting objects, the foundation is installed on posts called pillows. If the base of the building is large enough, then special niches are created in its upper part. They mount standard foundation beams, which do not shorten. There are also trimmed varieties that are shorter than the typical ones by half a meter. They are usually used in the cells of buildings and attached to the temperature transverse seam.
Also, beams are used in the construction of many frame structures. The main purpose of their installation is the installation of external walls, which are placed on this basis. In this case, the beams are laid on the edge of the foundation, on a solution of concrete. It is imperative to waterproof the top of the products. For this, sand solutions with cement are usually used.
Base beams at the destination belong to several groups. The first includes products that are mounted near the outer walls, they are also called "wall". The second group includes beams installed between columns in such a way that their axes are located on the same line (connected). Ordinary beams are used between two types of plates: wall and bonded. The fourth group includes ribbed products, which are also called "sanitary". They have a thickness of 22 centimeters.
Today, in the construction of both industrial buildings and public, foundation beams play a special role. Calculations show that the cost of these materials is about two and a half percent of the total amount of the entire building.
Beams are made of concrete of the M200-300 grades , which fully comply with the requirements of all state standards. These products allow for optimal perception of the load from the walls. Materials are made with various cross sections. For example, with T-shaped or trapezoidal.
In many cases, the foundation beam from above has a flat area with a certain size, which depends on the types of wall material. The lower part of the products is presented in the form of a truncated cone. This design primarily helps to reduce the cost of producing these building materials. At the same time, the quality of the structure does not suffer, and the perceived loads do not decrease.