The rubble bases have been known to mankind since ancient times. To this day, the rubble foundation does not lose its relevance. It turns out inexpensive and durable. It can be operated for 150 years, while the design will not require repairs. The base is resistant to freezing and excellent resistance to groundwater. If we talk about the positive aspects, we can also highlight environmental friendliness. To build such a foundation is quite possible without using additional construction equipment, which makes the design even cheaper.
Laying the rubble foundation
The rubble foundation is laid taking into account a height of 1.6 meters and the presence of a reinforced belt in the upper part. If you lay a good sand preparation with a drainage or a more durable reinforced belt, then the height can be reduced. The rubble foundation is laid, as a rule, below the freezing line. In this case, concrete of the M100 brand should be used, but not lower. The design should be located above the soil level by 30 cm, after which the base will go.
Features of choosing a quality stone
If you decide to lay the foundation of rubble, then you can use cobblestones, sandstone, limestone and limestone. Those stones that are irregular in shape are rubble. The base of them is laid out using large stones, each individual element must be selected taking into account the similarity of shape and size. To do this, it is recommended to choose flat-faced stones, which should be tightly stacked on each other and fixed with cement mortar.
How to choose a stone by quality characteristics?
Before making the foundation, it is necessary to analyze the stones for quality. When split, they should not dust and crush. This indicates that the stone is suitable for work. You can also check the elements by a strong blow with a hammer, the sound should be clear and sonorous. The stone should not crumble. It is possible to collect material for the foundation even in the fields. However, if it is possible to order, it is best to do just that. Many builders do not even imagine how much stone is needed to carry out the work, the material may need several tons.
There is another problem that will need to be solved before carrying out construction work, it is the need for cleaning. Washing stones is not so easy, it will take a lot of patience and strength. If this is not done, then the stone material will have somewhat less impressive qualities of adhesion to concrete, in this case we will not have to talk about the strength of the foundation.
The stone will need to be plinth, this will allow to obtain fragments of up to 30 kilograms. It is possible to split the material using a specific technique. It provides for the initial marking with a pencil, then you will need to stretch the cord, which leaves a mark on the surface. According to the received mark, it is necessary to split the stone. This will be done with the help of a chisel, which is hit with a hammer.
Boota masonry technique
The rubble strip foundation can be equipped using one of the existing technologies. One involves the initial preparation of the trench and the installation of formwork. At the next stage, a pillow is poured, which should consist of thirty centimeters of high-quality concrete. Next fittings are laid. On the pillow you need to lay the foundation itself from the buta. Before laying the material, it is necessary to wet the stone, which will provide it with better adhesion to concrete. It is necessary to lay the stone with a gap whose thickness is 4 centimeters. Tightly mount the material is not worth it.
If you decide to equip a rubble strip foundation, then you need to decide where the stone has spoons and where is the poke. The long side is a spoon, while the short side is a poke. In each row, the poke should alternate with a spoon, this is the whole technology. For masonry, use a sledgehammer, as well as a hammer. The optimal masonry thickness is sixty centimeters.
Features of the work
The laying of rubble foundations is often carried out using clay. It is added to the ingredients of the solution. However, do not be zealous.
It is possible to
lay a stone by various methods. For example, "under the scapula." To do this, on a foundation prepared in advance, it is necessary to lay the stone, turning it to the surface with a poke. The material should be well compacted, and the voids should be filled with small stones. Then everything is poured with a liquid solution and a spoonful is laid. The thickness of the first and second rows should not exceed 30 cm, the stones should be selected so that the height of the rows is the same.
When laying a foundation made of rubble stone with your own hands, it is important to ensure that the products do not touch each other without mortar. To establish the formwork or not is up to the master to decide, everything will depend on whether the base needs even walls.
Alternative buta styling options
There is another method of laying rubble stone, it is called "under the bay." The technique requires the use of formwork. The strength characteristics of such a foundation will not be so impressive; on this foundation, it is permissible to erect only a light frame structure. For this reason, for such a masonry, it is necessary to use a vibration seal. With the help of such a manipulation, it will be possible to increase the strength of the base by forty percent.
Laying rubble stone “under the bay”
The device of the rubble foundation according to this technology involves the initial preparation of a flat trench, which, for starters, the master must fill with coarse clean sand. The aggregate should be well tamped, and then lay the poke row. Everything must be filled with small stones and filled with a liquid solution. Then the second spoonful is stacked and crushed stone is laid again, and then compacted. In this case, the technology remains normal, but after that it is necessary to fill in a plastic solution.
Stacking boot "under the bracket"
The foundation with rubble stone can be laid according to a technology called “under the bracket”. In this case, the stones should be matched with the same height. It is necessary to ensure that the products do not stagger during installation, it is important to observe the dressing of the seams. As an ideal size for the stone, the dimensions will be 20 x 30 cm. As for the area of the stone, it must be determined by the following formula: width of rubble stone = 1/3 of the width of the foundation. This is important to consider before starting work.
Conclusion
When the owners of suburban areas and territories within the city decide to build a foundation made of rubble stone, they are faced with the question of whether such a foundation is suitable for each building. First of all, you need to think about the fact that with poor-quality compaction of stones, such a foundation may not withstand the second floor. While wooden baths, which are lightweight, can be installed on such a foundation without fear. If you decide to build a rubble foundation with your own hands, then you need to remember that it should consist of a solution and stone in a 1: 1 ratio. Only then will it be possible to achieve the desired result.
However, reinforcement of rubble foundations is also responsible for the strength of the base. It is made using reinforcement, which is simply necessary to use in this case. This will give the base more impressive durability and excellent qualities. This type of foundation is considered to be an option that quite rarely needs to be repaired, which not only saves the craftsman’s strength, but also significantly reduces the cost of construction work.