If you have a country house, then you can supplement it with a brick heating and cooking stove. Such constructions are being built with one's own hands. They can have a variety of modifications, but they all fulfill two main tasks, which are expressed in space heating and cooking. Depending on the area of the house, the stove may have different sizes. The project, depending on the location of the device, can also be different:
- angular;
- near the wall;
- island;
- built in.
Preparation of tool materials
Brick heating and cooking stoves, the projects of which were mentioned above, require the purchase of a certain set of building materials. In order to build a furnace, you will need:
- clay;
- brick;
- Decoration Materials;
- fittings.
You should also take care of the presence of sifted sand, which is useful for preparing the solution. The composition can be prepared in different ways. But you can take the ratio of 1.5 to 1 or 2 to 1. As for the brick, you should buy red and fireclay. The material has to be prepared for work: it is kept in water for two days.
Finishing building materials can be chosen at your discretion. But quite often the walls are plastered with clay. When choosing accessories, you must take care of the availability of:
These include reinforcing mesh, metal corners and tires. In addition to the above materials, you will need to prepare the following stove tools:
- plumb line;
- Master OK;
- bucket;
- level;
- sieve.
Foundation work
Brick heating and cooking stoves have a rather impressive weight, therefore they require a foundation device. It can be monolithic. In this case, the mortar is poured into the pit, and the structure itself is reinforced with a mesh and reinforced with a boot.
However, brick heating and cooking stoves, the projects of which are presented in the article, can have a masonry base; for this, reinforced concrete blocks or bricks are located in the recess. If you compare these options with each other, the first will be more economical and better. But it will be possible to build a furnace on it only after 3 weeks maximum. It is also important to remember that dressing between the foundation of the stove and the house should not be done.
Foundation instruction
Brick heating and cooking stoves weigh quite a lot, so a reliable and solid foundation is usually arranged for them. It is necessary to act according to a certain algorithm. At the first stage, it provides for the preparation of the pit. Its linear dimensions are 25 cm larger than the design itself. The recess should be 1 m or slightly less. A dry sand cushion is poured into the bottom, the thickness of such a preparation will be 15 cm.
The furnace in the country is arranged according to technology, which provides for laying the preparation under the foundation. The next layer will be crushed stone, its thickness should be equal to 20 cm. The material should have a large fraction. In order to obtain savings, crushed stone is mixed with stones and a battle of bricks. It is necessary to sprinkle the surface with sand, and after you have to lay another layer of crushed stone, this time its thickness will be 10 cm, followed by waterproofing, as the most commonly used roofing material.
Formwork and mixture pouring
When a brick heating and cooking stove is being built, the master must follow a certain algorithm. At the next stage, the technology provides for the construction of formwork. Between it and the walls of the pit it is necessary to leave 10 cm for the subsequent dismantling of the structure.
At the bottom of the pit of the furnace at the dacha, concrete mortar is poured, the layer thickness of which will be 5 cm, then there is a reinforcing frame. The next step will be to fill in small portions of the solution of 15 cm each. The mixture is compacted to remove air bubbles from it. When you reach the extreme mark, the foundation must be left until it hardens.
Furnace order
The order of the brick cooking stove must be observed by you. The first two rows are laid in a continuous layer, the seams should be overlapped. Use for this you need a red brick. It is important to monitor the horizontal position of the row, because in the future, mowed sections may appear. On each row it is necessary to check the angles using a square.
In the third row, you can start organizing the ash chamber, vertical channels and the lower heating chamber. On the front side you need to leave an opening for the door. The whole furnace is laid out of refractory red bricks, but the ash pan and the blower will be built of chamotte products.
When a heating and cooking stove with a brick oven is being built, the fourth row should act in the same way as in the third. Vertical channels are connected into a single whole. In the next row you need to act, heading to the right. The ash chamber at this stage will be completed, it is covered with a door. The latter is fixed by wire. Then you need to install the grate. A distance of 15 mm is left between the grate and the brick, which should then be filled with sand, because the metal will expand when heated.
Performing a furnace and oven
In the sixth row, you can proceed to the furnace, on the front side there is an opening for this. The channel that was formed earlier should be divided into 3 vertical compartments. The cameras share a wall, which is formed of fireclay bricks. The next two rows will form the furnace compartment. In the ninth row, you can start work with bricks, which are squeezed at an angle. This is necessary so that the smoke passes into the chimney, and does not linger near the corner.
Hob installation and drying chambers
The inner part of the 10th row is laid out with fireclay bricks. At this stage, it is necessary to cover the spiritual door. Bricks should be ground at the same angle as in the previous row. However, the partition between the furnace and the oven is no longer necessary. For the hob, as in the case of the grate, it is necessary to make gaps within 18 mm maximum. This will allow for thermal expansion.
A metal corner should be laid on the front side, the side of which can be a limit of 45 to 50 mm. The brick laying of the furnace at the next stage involves the formation of a chamber, which will be located above the hob. Use for this you need a red brick. If you wish, you can build another oven. From 12 to 15 rows, you can deal with the walls of the cooking chamber, but in the first row you should connect a couple of channels that are located on the left.
In the seventeenth row, the cooking chamber is covered with masonry. However, in this case, you need to leave a hole in the half brick, through which steam will be removed. In the 18th row, a metal corner should be laid, which will fix the base of the drying chambers. The previously left openings should not be blocked. In the 19th and 21st rows drying chambers are formed, they must have doors and ventilation from the cooking chamber.
Brick masonry involves the formation of two dryers, one of which will be smaller. Overlapping is carried out by an iron plate. In the 23rd row, a latch of the exhaust channel is installed, and the next row will become unifying for the 1st and 2nd vertical channels. Drying chambers overlap in the 26th row. The top of the oven must be covered in row 27. In this case, the perimeter of the masonry expands by 5 cm.
In order to ensure the removal of smoke, the third channel is left, all the previous ones will converge in it. The 29th row will be the last, it should return to the previous perimeter. Now the master will have to install a valve that will block the chimney. With this device you can adjust traction.
Chimney work
In order to lay out the chimney, a nozzle pipe is installed on top of the furnace. To do this, observe the dressing between the rows. Bricks are located in the same way as during the main masonry, but nevertheless some features of the work should be observed. It is important to monitor the horizontalness of each row, checking the evenness of the building level.
In order to make the adhesion between bricks strong, it is better to use a mixture of sand, cement and clay as a solution. The ratio of the first two ingredients should look like this: 2 to 5. As for clay, it will be needed in a volume of 1 part.
About sealing and joint thickness
The solution is applied to a brick with a layer thickness of up to 10 mm. If this value is increased, then the design will turn out not so solid, because temperature differences will cause cracking of the mixture. Brick laying of the chimney should be carried out with mandatory tight sealing of all joints. If this procedure is neglected, then sparks from the chimney will enter the room. When laying, it is necessary to use whole bricks. If it is necessary to use only some part of the product, then the solution layer should be minimal.
Choice of brick for the chimney
Before purchasing a brick, you need to ask if it is fireproof. The minimum value of the brand is 200. It is important to evaluate the brick also in appearance, it should have even edges and a clear rectangular shape. The optimal size of the products for the chimney is 25x12x6.5 cm.
Brickwork of the chimney is carried out using a solution containing the following ingredients:
If you want to prepare a high-quality solution, you should choose fine-grained sand. Otherwise, the layer thickness will increase, and the strength of the chimney will decrease. Particular attention should be paid to clay, it should not have any impurities, while the water should be clean and soft.
The furnace roof should be adjacent to the chimney with the help of a special material that will provide waterproofing of this site. In order to prevent moisture and precipitation from entering the room, there should be a thickening called an otter on the outside of the chimney. If the chimney of a brick furnace does not have this node, then you can use the material in the form of galvanization, which is installed on the roof.
The pipe should not be too small, because in this case there will be no draft in the heating device. Such a chimney will not work normally, so before carrying out work, you need to think about what size the chimney should be made for your stove.
Recommendations for the construction of a corner furnace
The construction of such a structure is no different from that which has a standard shape. The difference is only a project that you can create yourself. A brick corner cooker usually takes up less space in the room, and its heat dissipation is no worse.
Work, as in the case described above, must begin with the construction of the foundation. It can be placed 50 cm below floor level. After its construction, waterproofing is laid, on which bricks will need to be placed. The first row is made solid. Then you can start forming rows for an ashpit with a niche.
After you can switch to fireclay, which will create a furnace zone. Masonry in this case must be carried out using refractory clay. Then you can start the construction of the furnace from the firebox, at the final stage you should build a pipe. In this case, it is necessary to provide a narrowing, which goes from the beginning of the pipe to its end.