At the end of construction work, the room should be all perfect and even. This issue is given a lot of time. Many elements of the interior must be installed on smooth walls and corners. For example, you can take a regular corner bath. If the builder does not maintain a right angle, then there will be extra gaps between the wall and the bathroom. In order to get rid of them, you need to spend not only your time, but also money. It is the goniometer designed to control such processes.
General information
For measuring geometric angles in various designs use goniometers with nonius. This device belongs to mechanical. An important advantage is that you can work with remote structures.
All that is needed for this is to fix the device in the exact position using the optical method. The result of measurements, of course, is shown in degrees. Thanks to the use of an additional scale, more accurate indicators are obtained. This device uses the vernier scale, which is a regular elongated ruler. It is with the help of it that you can determine even small fractions of degrees. This feature helps to obtain high
accuracy measurements in various fields.
Design features
There are several types of such mechanical measuring instruments. All of them are usually made of metal. Each species is practically no different from the previous one. They can differ only in design features, as well as in the size and layout of the scale.
It is an ordinary protractor, but not always having the correct shape. In the middle of it is attached a metal ruler, which serves to control the angle of inclination, as well as determine the measured value. The scale with a nonius is located where the ruler intersects with the scale of the device.
Goniometer with nonius: types
Goniometers are divided into 5 types, which are designed to measure the external angles of various parts. Their design allows marking work on any surface. Each goniometer with nonius GOST 537888 has the same accuracy class.
The only difference is the working range of the scale. For example, all types of measuring instruments are capable of operating in the range from 0 to 180 °. Some may have small errors. Goniometers with a vernier type 2 can carry out work with external measurements in the range from 0 to 360º. Such a technical device has small overall dimensions and weight. Therefore, it can be carried and used in other places. One of the positive features of the metal ruler is that by measuring a given angle, you can apply markings directly on the surface of the measured part or structure. The service life depends on how they will use the ruler (recall that it is made of metal). The most common goniometers are types 4-UM and 5-UM. Consider them below.
4-UM
A 4-UM type non-vernier protractor is the simplest and most accurate of all existing. In addition, it has the cheapest cost. Its design is made of high-strength metal, due to which the life of the device is quite large.
In order to measure the angle, use a linear scale having the shape of a circle. Nonius is located under the ruler. Such electronic devices are not available. The type 4 goniometer is a standard model, therefore it is widely distributed among the population.
It can carry out measurements in the range from 0 to 180 °. As a rule, this type of measuring instruments is used in industry, where various parts are manufactured, and their repair is also carried out.
5-UM
The protractor with a vernier 5UM is designed to measure the external angles of various parts. Its working range is no different from the previous view, that is, it is equal to from 0 to 180 °. Tolerance in measurements is only 5 minutes. The 5-UM goniometer has small overall dimensions and weight, therefore it is a mobile device. It is most often used in industrial sectors for marking work and, as a result, for the manufacture of various parts. Goniometer with nonius, the price of which is 6,000 rubles, is becoming popular among the population.
Positive aspects of the measuring device
The main advantage of goniometers is a high accuracy class, reaching figures in tenths. When using nonius, you can get high-quality and accurate indicators that are becoming useful in many industrial fields. Due to this property, more and more specialists are choosing this type of goniometer. In addition, it is a durable equipment, as it is made of metal.
Disadvantages of goniometers
The negative side is the complexity of the repair, since all the parts are complex and it is rather difficult to replace them. It also requires certain storage conditions. Currently, many experts are switching to electronic versions, although manual ones are also used.
How to use a goniometer with a nonius?
A mechanical goniometer is a common tool in the construction or manufacture of various parts.
When taking measurements, it is necessary to take into account indications not only with an additional scale, but also without it. The main difference will be in the error. The first
method of measurement is much simpler, so if you are a beginner, then it is perfect. You can start the procedure on any surface, if it is possible to perform goniometers with a nonius. You can work with both external and internal corners.
First you need to make sure that the measuring device is working. Next, set the ruler to zero and fix it. She should not perform any movements. If this happens, problems may arise during the measurement process. Therefore, it is better to immediately replace it with a new device. For the reference point we take the lower surface. Then we place it along the surface that you need. For these purposes, in some types of goniometers there is an additional emphasis. Now you should turn the ruler to the desired point, and the device will show how many degrees in a given angle. The metal ruler is suitable only for measurements, and another device should be used for marking.
The essence of the second method is to use an additional scale. For example, a specific reading is recorded. Now you need to set the ruler and calculate the divisions on the nonius. How is the calculation carried out? The first line on such an additional scale is the starting point, that is, a zero mark. It should coincide with the line of the measured angle. Suppose the goniometer showed a value of 35º. The fifth line on the vernier scale corresponds to the number 4. Thus, the measured angle has a reading of 35.4º.
Manufacturers
Today, many people use goniometers with Vernier, which were made during the USSR. Of course, modern appliances are also gaining popularity. There are many not only foreign but also domestic manufacturers involved in the development and manufacture of such measuring instruments. Leading foreign companies are the Italian company IDF, as well as the Japanese company Mitutoyo.
Among domestic manufacturers can be distinguished "Caliber". Customer reviews note that there is no difference in measurement accuracy and reliability indicators between imported and Russian products. Therefore, it makes sense to purchase domestic appliances.
Conclusion
Goniometers with vernier are an indispensable tool in the construction, as well as the production of various parts and structures. They will be useful to those masters who work with the marking of planes. Today you can meet a huge number of such measuring instruments, each of which has its own characteristics. To take measurements, you must use one of the above methods.
The first is perfect for beginners, as it does not require special troubles with nonius. Such devices have small overall dimensions and weight, which allows them to be used on different construction surfaces. The cost of such equipment is 5000-7000 rubles. It depends on the type and capabilities of the measuring device. Due to many positive qualities, goniometers with vernier gain high popularity among the population.