Consider the subject and objectives of pedagogical science. Any generation of people who recognize themselves as a society has to solve certain problems: to master the experience of their ancestors; comprehend it in the light of changing conditions; multiply and enrich it; save it on different media; pass on to next generations.
What is this science
Pedagogy studies the basic laws of transmission and assimilation of the social experience of ancestors from older generations to younger ones. What is included in the tasks of pedagogical science? Pedagogy was isolated in the XVII century from the philosophical sciences, began to exist as a separate discipline.
At the end of the XVII century, Jan Amos Kamensky was able to expound its foundations in the work "The Great Didactics".
Basic concepts
Let us consider in more detail the object, subject and tasks of pedagogical science. The object is a system of phenomena that are associated with the formation of man.
The subject is the establishment of regular relationships between activity, the inner world, factors affecting a person - social, natural, and the purposeful organization of the upbringing and educational process.
Functions
The local task of pedagogical science at the present stage is to organize joint effective activities of all participants in the educational process. Only with the right approach can you count on achieving the desired result.
There are three tasks of pedagogical science:
- analytical, consisting in theoretical study, description, explanation of the essence, contradictions, patterns, cause-effect relationships, generalization and assessment of pedagogical experience;
- design and construction, which consists in the development of innovative pedagogical technologies, the basics of activity, the use of research results, scientific and methodological support of the process;
- prognostic, providing goal setting, planning, development of education and management of educational activities.
The tasks of pedagogical science have something in common with the changes taking place in the country and the world.
Actual problems of pedagogical science
Currently, there is an increase in the role of spiritual and moral education. What has become in the new realities the local task of pedagogical science and its relevance? In domestic education, there is a tendency to move from reproductive to productive learning, inclusive education.
The local task of pedagogical science is connected with the education of the ability to learn in the younger generation.
The role of ethnological pedagogy, involving the familiarity with the roots of folk culture, is growing.
A regional component has been introduced into educational schools, within the framework of which the younger generation gets acquainted with the historical and cultural heritage of their region.
The main task of pedagogical science at the present stage is the transition from personality-alienated to personality-oriented methodology. It implies equal rights for all representatives of the educational process.
Distinctive features of the new methodology
In a person-centered methodology, the student acts as the subject of the process. In this case, the tasks of pedagogical science include stimulating the cognitive interest of students, creating favorable conditions for self-development, self-improvement of the younger generation.
Description of modern education
Given the changes that are observed in the social and cultural sphere, the subject and tasks of pedagogical science also undergo certain adjustments.
The society’s request for an educational structure has changed. For example, the patriotic and environmental education of the younger generation is a priority.
The tasks of modern pedagogical science include:
- involvement of the processes of updating and obtaining knowledge and skills in social and industrial spheres;
- identification of talented, initiative people as the most important resource of social and economic development of modern society;
- periodic changes in technology, the transition to socially adapted pedagogical methods.
Information community
The tasks of pedagogical science include the creation of equal conditions for obtaining quality knowledge by all social strata, and the elimination of sharp contrasts. Modern pedagogy pays special attention to the design and implementation of methods and methodologies aimed at increasing the efficiency of the educational and educational process.
Pedagogy is closely connected with other sciences; it involves theoretical principles, scientific ideas, and practical conclusions. For example, pedagogical science is based on psychology and sociology, philosophy, economics, political science, and medical sciences.
Structure
We found out what the task of pedagogical science is and its relevance. Now we reveal its composition and directions. The structure of pedagogy includes several sections:
- theoretical and applied, to which school science, didactics, the theory of education, the fundamentals of didactics belong;
- age: school, preschool, andogogy;
- correctional: oligophrenopedagogy, speech therapy, signopedagogy, typhlopedagogy;
- industry: manufacturing, sports, military.
Place of education in the educational process
This category is one of the main in modern pedagogy. The subsequent analysis, as well as an understanding of the essence of this process, depends on the interpretation of this concept. Currently, the term “upbringing” is considered as a way of influencing a person in order to form their system of views and beliefs.
Its essence is understood as the purposeful, social rendering of organizational, spiritual, material conditions that allow new generations to fully absorb the socio-historical experience of their ancestors.
The goal of humanistic education is the harmonious development of personality. The formation of a person’s personality occurs in the course of exposure to various factors, subjective and objective, social, natural, external, internal factors that do not depend on the consciousness and will of people.
Depending on the style and principles of the relationship of the pupils and their mentors, free, authoritarian, community, democratic education is distinguished.
Pedagogical patterns are a reflection of objective causal relationships in the system of full-fledged relations between the outside world and pupils.
The process involves a certain system, which is implemented subject to certain principles:
- cultural conformity;
- dialogue approach;
- cultural conformity;
- nature compatibility;
- individually-creative approach.
At present, special importance is attached to military-patriotic, environmental, and moral education.
The various goals of education are determined by the content, character, educational methods.
Conclusion
In Athens and Ancient Greece, education was considered a comprehensive and harmonious process. All sides of the personality should develop in interconnection; in Sparta, during the upbringing, they used the Spartan foundations.
In the Renaissance in the XVIII-XIX centuries. the ideas of humanism became a priority; they suggested involving students in the educational process through active life. Particular attention to the idea of free education was given by J.-J. Russo.
After the introduction of second generation standards in the domestic educational system, the educational and educational process has undergone significant changes.
They began to pay special attention to self-education, which presupposes a conscious, purposeful movement of a person to improve their personal qualities.
Self-education is a conscious, purposeful human activity, which is aimed at overcoming negative traits. When thinking over the process of self-education, the teacher plays the role of a tutor.
In modern pedagogy, within the framework of the psychological and social approach, close attention is paid to targeted pluralism.
At present, the educational process is not limited to the supply of theoretical material, it involves building individual educational and developing technologies for each individual student.
In order to fully solve the tasks that modern society poses for educational institutions, it is important to consider all internal and external factors.