Booster pumping stations are used to equip modern oil wells along with field collection and preparation systems, metering systems, a pumping system and a central collection point for the preparation of oil products and materials disconnected from them. Between themselves, all elements are aggregated through pipelines. On them, the recovered liquid moves to the flow line, the diameter of which is from 73 to 114 mm. Then the raw materials are transported through collectors with increased diameter.
Destination
Booster pumping stations (BPS) are used in wells that do not have enough reservoir energy to deliver oil and gas substances to the preliminary water discharge devices (UPSW) or the oil product transfer point. As a rule, the considered units are used in separately located fields.
The main purpose of booster pumping stations is the separation of gas from oil, the purification of raw materials from dropping liquid, the subsequent movement of the oil mass using centrifugal pumps, and gas through pressure in the separator compartments. CSN is the first stage of separation, discharges gas into a separate collector. It also provides for the discharge of water with its subsequent injection into wells of an absorbing or injection type.
Technological features
In practice, three typical sizes of booster pumping stations are used. Among them are models 7000, 14000 and 20000. The digital designation indicates the flow of fluid by the unit (m / s). Technological procedures consist of the following operations:
- The first stage of the separation of petroleum products.
- Pre-discharge water if required.
- Heating the contents of the well.
- The movement of oil and gas mixtures on the DSP.
- Transportation of gas separated from oil during the first stage of purification at the gas treatment plant and other collection points.
- Averaged metering of oil, gas and water.
- Chemical reagent downloads.
Below is the equipment of booster pumping stations:
- Buffer tank.
- Compartment for collecting and pumping oil leaks.
- Electric motor pump.
- Instrumentation and instrumentation.
- Switchgear.
- Candles for emergency gas discharge.
Principle of operation
Oil from gas is separated in separate compartments of the pump station, which are units of separator action. They perform not only gas sorting, but also the settling of crude oil from mechanical impurities and production water. In fact, these units are sedimentation tanks. They are of two types: horizontal and vertical execution.
The booster pump station, the photo of which is presented below, is equipped with a horizontal buffer capacity of 100 cubic meters. m. and pump pump type 8ND-9X3 with electric motor A-114-2M. In the 700th version, one pump and one buffer unit are used, and in the modification 20,000 - additional analogues, along with the indicated units. Also at each station backup pumping systems are provided.
The design of the buffer tank at the booster pump station
For buffer tanks horizontal separator tanks are used. Their volume is 100 cubic meters, and the working pressure is 0.7 MPa. The creation of a uniform mirror of the placed liquid is ensured by transverse lattice-type partitions. Gas from these tanks is transported to a special assembly manifold.
A vertical separator may also be used in the system. It is a container inside which the oil and gas mixture is supplied under pressure through a pipe to the distribution manifold. Further, petroleum products pass through a pressure regulator, entering the atmosphere with a stable uniform load. By lowering the pressure, gas is released from the incoming mixture. Since this process takes time, the inclined shelves in the construction of the unit provide the supply of purified solution to the lower part of the separator.
The extracted gas rises, after which it is transported to a drip trap, which separates particles of oil and moves the gas into the gas pipeline. The removed oil goes to a special sump. Process control is carried out using a regulator, a glass browser and sludge discharge.
Structural schemes
One of the technological schemes of automated block booster pumping stations involves equipping with centrifugal pumps. Since there is a significant amount of gas in the strata, its supply to the pump can exceed a critical value of 10 to 15 percent. To ensure the normal operation of the units, a preliminary separation of the layers and the products that they contain is used. This approach allows to reduce the gas content and remove more than 70 percent of the production water. For pumping equipment of this design, plunger, multiphase and centrifugal pumping devices are used.
In the second version of the CSN operating scheme, only pumps with several phases are installed. In this case, the reservoir raw materials are sent to the CPPN. Then the system eliminates the need for separation of associated gas flows. Moreover, this happens directly on the territory of the developed field. Multiphase pumps make it possible to significantly reduce the pressure on the intake manifold of the CSN. Nevertheless, such units experience a critical load when exceeding the content of mechanical impurities, which requires the installation of additional filter elements.
Centrifugal pumps
Such units are designed for pumping oil mass saturated with water and gas. They function optimally at a working temperature of the feed mixture of about 45 degrees Celsius and a density of up to 1000 kg / cubic meter.
The kinematic viscosity of the treated mass is not more than 8.5 parts by hydrogen parameter. The gas content is fixed within 3 percent. A similar indicator of the level of paraffin should not exceed 20 percent, taking into account other mechanical impurities. Automation of the booster pump station allows you to complete the unit with a mechanical seal, which makes it possible to reduce total leakage to 100 milliliters per hour.
Pump device
The main working part of the CSN consists of a housing with covers for the discharge and suction lines. In addition, the design includes front and rear brackets, guide systems, fixing bolt elements.
The guide section aggregates with the sealing rings and forms a single pump unit. The housing joints of the guiding devices have rubber seals, an impeller. These parts form the main compartment of the pump. Case connections have rubber seals that are resistant to petroleum products. This design allows you to change the pressure head of the working mixture, depending on the characteristics of the well being developed, as well as the number of impellers and guiding devices. During operation of the unit, only the length of the tie rods and shaft changes.
The supporting brackets of the pump mechanism are made of cast iron. This makes it possible to enhance the stability and reliability of the unit. The system also includes oil seals from a special extruded material and details of their alloy of chrome and nickel.
Finally
The booster pump station, the sizes and characteristics of which are discussed above, has a specific purpose. It serves for separation and transportation to receiving and processing devices of the oil and gas mixture. In this case, the collection and preparation of components from water, gas and oil is carried out.
Automated block booster pumping stations are also involved in gas separation and purification of the mixture from dropping liquid. Oil is pumped by a special pump, and gas is transported under pressure arising during the separation process. At production facilities, petroleum products pass through buffer tanks to a pumping pump and oil pipeline. By and large, CSN is a full-cycle pumping station that allows you to take into account the supply, processing and quantity of components of oil products used in the extraction.