Suspended matter is the many different particles that can be present in water and air. These substances include various organic and inorganic compounds. It can be particles of dust, clay, plant debris, all kinds of microorganisms, most often these are various coarse impurities.
Wastewater
It is in wastewater a large amount of suspended solids. Their concentration depends on many factors. For example, one of them is the season. At different times of the year, wastewater possesses not only different concentrations of suspended solids, but also their various types. Also affects the rock of which the channel of the reservoir. In addition, the nearby agriculture, all kinds of buildings, enterprises, etc. have a great influence.
Effects on wastewater
Suspended substances affect various properties of wastewater. Since wastewater is subsequently used by humans, it is necessary to control their concentration. What characteristics of water are suspended particles affected by? First of all, on transparency. If the concentration is greatly exceeded, then even without using special determination methods, you can notice that the water becomes less transparent.
Suspended particles affect how light penetrates water. This is an important factor in the study of wastewater. Suspended particles are capable of adsorbing toxic compounds on themselves, and they also affect how deposits are distributed and at what rate sediment formation will occur.
MPC suspended solids
For reactive use, you can not take water, which contains a large amount of seton. Seton is a suspended substance, which is a feature of the water ecosystem, performing a structural and functional role.
There are certain requirements that apply to the composition of drinking, domestic water. It is necessary that the concentration of seton during the discharge of wastewater does not exceed the value of 0.25 mg / DM 3 . If water has a cultural and domestic value, then it is required that the amount of suspended particles does not exceed the norm of 0.75 mg / dm 3 . For various water bodies, an increase in concentration up to 5% is allowed, but such a correction is possible under certain conditions, for example, if the seton concentration is not more than 30 mg / dm 3 during the low water period.
It is necessary to control wastewater and water bodies. It is important that, at certain intervals, an assessment of the state of the water is carried out. Such an assessment can be carried out in various ways, using either biological research methods or physicochemical methods.
Seton Definition
The determination of suspended solids can be carried out by various methods. The main factor in choosing a method is the size of the impurities. Coarse substances can be determined using gravimetry. This method consists in the fact that large particles are of such a size that they are able to remain on the filter while filtering a water sample. For this method, various filter paper is used, which is selected based on the size of the impurities. For example, for water with a transparency of 10 cm, filter paper with a blue ribbon is used.
In addition to large particles in the sample are finely dispersed. Their size is so small that they freely pass through the filter and do not linger on it, so the gravimetric method is not suitable for their determination. Such fine particles can be inorganic and organic compounds that form a colloidal solution. For definition, the terms “turbidity” and “opalescence” are used. For water suitable for consumption, there is a rate of turbidity, which should not be more than 1.5 mg / dm 3 for kaolin.
Purification of water from fine particles can be carried out using columns with special filling - a specific sorbent. There are various adsorbents, which are selected depending on what substances the water sample should be cleaned from.
Color index
Suspended substances also affect the color of water. Their content is determined using a platinum-cobalt scale. The determination takes place by comparing the color and intensity of the sample with reference water.
The color of water changes due to the fact that suspended solids are humic compounds or impurities containing iron in their composition. The amount of these substances depends on the natural conditions where the pond is located.
The MPC of chroma is 35 degrees. Due to the presence of suspended particles, oxygen saturation of the water does not occur to the necessary extent, since it is spent on oxidation reactions with iron and other compounds. This leads to the fact that plants and animal organisms cannot receive the necessary amount of oxygen.
Air content
In addition to aqueous media, suspended solids are also found in the air, and their quantity must also be controlled. Dust - suspended solids found in air masses. Particles of various sizes and different natures are distributed in the gaseous medium. There are various types of dust, which are classified to determine the norm of suspended solids. Industrial dust and soot are attributed to the 3rd hazard class. It is necessary to monitor the content of these substances at industrial facilities.
What impact do they have?
Suspended substances affect the comfortable existence of all living organisms and plants. At a high concentration in air, they are able to absorb part of the sunlight, which leads to a weakening of the adaptive properties of organisms. In addition, such impurities settle on the leaves of plants, which prevents the passage of solar energy. This leads to a slowdown in the reaction of photosynthesis and worsens their general condition.
Particles that are in the air are capable of adsorption of toxic and dangerous compounds. This leads to the fact that they can spread over long distances. Suspended particles are carriers of toxic compounds.
Thus, suspended solids are coarse and fine particles that can be in water systems and in gaseous media. Their number must be controlled so that the existence of living organisms and plants is safe and comfortable.