The optimal solution for the construction of industrial buildings - workshops, factories - is the use of metal structures. As supporting structures, various types of columns are used, which differ in the type of section (rectangular, round, I-beam and channel) and in the production method (rolled and welded). Enclosing links are, as a rule, reinforced concrete slabs. Ceilings are installed on metal beams and beams, but the coating (in modern construction is used corrugated board) is placed on metal trusses.
Farm making
As a rule, a metal truss is selected in
depending on the grid of columns and, accordingly, on the span of the building. Standard sizes are 12, 18, 24 m. Metal trusses are made from various profile elements. Most often, corners are used for welding, which are selected depending on the expected load. To give the structure greater rigidity and strength, each brace and stand is made of two corners, which are connected by the so-called "fish" - a steel bar welded between the shelves of the corners. However, metal trusses with such a configuration are becoming less and less recognized: the need to weld corners together requires additional time and material, and the presence of many protrusions and recesses complicates the process of painting. An alternative is considered to be trusses made of pipes, as well as combined ones (when elements of various profiles are used for belts, braces and racks). For fastening metal elements, high strength bolts are used.
Application of different farms
In addition to length, I distinguish farms
tsya in their outlines. In industrial and civil engineering, metal trusses with parallel, polygonal, triangular and broken belts are used. In the case of roof trusses, the contours vary depending on the desired final type of the building, because it is from this that the shape of the roof will change. If we are talking about a large industrial building, which operates
heavy equipment, such as overhead and bridge cranes, then bridge, tower and crane metal farms are often used. Drawings of industrial buildings, especially cross sections, most accurately reflect the functionality of farms. By the way, trusses often replace beams and crossbars.
Constructive solution
If the building needs to be provided with a canopy, metal trusses of the cantilever type are used. In the case of a building with large spans, both split and continuous trusses can be used.
However, the best option is a continuous truss: it is a more rigid and durable structure, due to which it has a lower height than a split truss. Obviously, from the point of view of material costs and the strength of the resulting structure, it is more profitable to use a continuous metal truss.
In the construction of civil buildings - as a rule, small-sized (private houses, cottages) - wooden trusses are used . And, of course, it is impossible to write off metal farms when erecting such structures as bridges, towers, etc.