The Pompeian stove first appeared on the expanses of the Iberian Peninsula. Such designs are also called Italian in a different way. The installation has a small size, and it is extremely simple to manufacture. With this oven you will have the opportunity to cook not only pizza, but also any other food. However, you must be prepared for the fact that such a furnace is not intended for heating the room. A similar installation can be done by you yourself, but you need to be able to use a tool such as a trowel, as well as a grinder.
Solution preparation
Each of us knows pizza, but you can bake it at home, using a special oven. In order to independently erect the described construction, it is necessary to prepare a special mortar for masonry. It should be made viscous and ductile, but do not mix it with a significant liquid content, since it should not turn out to be liquid. In addition, the mixture should not crumble.
Parameters of Italian oven
The Pompeian stove is heated by firewood, which does not emit soot and tar at the time of burning. It is necessary to use olive, alder or cherry wood, this will allow the dough to get a special aroma.
The Pompeian furnace must be made in the form of a dome with a hearth, which has a diameter of 1 m. As for the height of the dome, this parameter should be equal to ½ of the diameter of the hearth, however, this figure may turn out to be somewhat lower, but this is true in the manufacture of a Neapolitan furnace.
The Pompeii furnace has a combustion chamber, the entrance to which has a semicircular shape, its height should be 60% of the height of the dome, but the chimney must be located in front of the entrance. Kindle fire can and should be directly on the hearth, near the wall, pizza is placed in the same place.
In the process, cold air flows from below through the entrance, after which their temperature rises from burning wood and rushes to the dome, there the air bends around it and evenly heats the internal space, as well as the walls, for a short time. After the air masses descend to the entrance and are removed from there to the chimney.
Features of the construction of the foundation of the Pompeii furnace
The Pompeian stove begins to line up, like all other stoves, from the foundation. In his role, you can use a ready-made reinforced concrete slab. Previously, you should dig a pit, put a pillow on its bottom, which is made of gravel. The thickness of the preparation should be approximately 30 cm. While the parameters of the foundation are limited by the dimensions 190 x 190 x 20 cm. A stand will be mounted on its surface. This element of the furnace is necessary in order to raise the structure to a certain height, which will greatly simplify the work.
Making a stand
When a Pompeian stove is made with its own hands, at the stage of forming the stand, it is necessary to use a brick, which can be replaced with concrete blocks. There is another solution that will make it possible to make a stand. It involves the use of a steel corner. This component of the furnace is made in the form of a box in the shape of a square. The second purpose of such a box is to store firewood in the internal hollow space. Then, in order to use the stand it was convenient, it is necessary to provide for an opening in its housing.
Table making
When a Pompeian stove is made with its own hands, it is necessary to equip the structure with a table that is installed on the surface of the stand. The table should be strong and as even as possible, and it can be based on concrete reinforced with a reinforcing cage. The thickness of this element should be approximately 20 cm. This table has two tasks, one of which is the need to support the mass of the structure, while the second is expressed in ensuring the thermal insulation of the hearth. It should be noted that the plate must be so strong as to undergo a weight of 600 kg, it is such a mass, as a rule, that the structure has. Thanks to this element, the heat will not go down.
Material preparation
In order to make wood stoves of the type described, the craftsmen use fireclay bricks, which have the properties of high heat resistance. It is this material that underlies the design. The solution has to be mixed using several ingredients, including fireclay clay, sand and liquid. When mixing it is necessary to apply the following proportion of clay and sand: 6: 4, otherwise the masonry will not be able to undergo a significant temperature, which occurs during heating, as a result, the structure will certainly be covered with cracks.
Thus, for the construction of the furnace, it is necessary to prepare some materials and tools:
- clay;
- brick;
- level;
- cement;
- armature;
- sand;
- capacity;
- a shovel;
- Master OK;
- reinforced concrete slab;
- gravel.
Features of making a pizza oven
The wood-burning stoves of the described type are made according to a certain technology, which must be adhered to, otherwise the design will not last for a long time. After all the above steps are completed, you can proceed to the markup. These works involve an image on the surface of a pre-installed table of a circle whose diameter is approximately 95-105 cm.
At the next stage, you can start mixing the mortar, since the work will involve the use of bricks. Products are laid on the outer edge of the circle. In this case, it is necessary to use in advance prepared scraps of bricks. In the end, you should get a ring. At this stage, it is important to properly carry out insulation work, as this process acts as one of the main ones in the construction of the furnace. In the inner space of the ring should be laid or covered with insulating material, which is often used expanded clay, but if desired, you can use penoizol or glass break. But this is not a complete list of materials that you can use as a heat insulator.
When a pizza oven is made, it is also necessary to apply concrete at the stage of forming the structure body. In order to match the table and the ring, it is necessary to use concrete. Only after that the surface can be ennobled with tiles, which can be based on artificial or natural stone.
Furnace hearth
Next, you can begin to form the hearth of the structure, during which the craftsmen use heat-resistant brick. However, you cannot immediately use it in work, since the products must first be cut in such a way as to make a circle when laying.
Wood - burning brick stoves of this type should be laid out taking into account that the cracks should be even and the same, their width should not exceed 1 cm. Each of them must be well filled with mortar, and then carefully leveled. At the next stage, you can proceed to the formation of the dome. It is necessary to determine the location of the entrance into which the frame is installed. The basis of the latter may be steel, wood or foam. These elements are necessary in order to make it convenient to form the entrance of the furnace. Due to the fact that wood and polystyrene act as fire hazardous materials, after completion of construction they will certainly have to get rid of.
There are also ordinary wood stoves, the drawing of which is presented in the article, they can be used not only for cooking, but also for heating the home. But if you decide that you need a Pompeii stove, then at the next stage you can start laying the starting row of the dome. In this case, it is necessary to use ½ brick, but the second row should be stacked in a checkerboard pattern. Subsequent rows should be formed so that it is possible to form a slope to the central part of the furnace. This is done through brick wedges, the basis of the latter of which may be wood. If you are manufacturing such a structure for the first time, then you can simplify the work somewhat, for this you should use a special template. It can be made of foam, and it must be installed in the central part of the furnace. If there is an inflatable ball, then you can use it as a template. After everything is dry, foreign objects can be disposed of.
At the same time you need to equip the inlet and chimney. The latter is done outside, and it can be based on the same brick or steel sandwich pipe. Its height should be 2 m or more. As for the diameter, it is necessary to adhere to an indicator in the range from 150 to 200 mm.
Insulation work
After the installation of the wood-burning stove is completed, and the mixtures in its base are dried, you can start using thermal insulation, which covers the roof of the stove. Mineral fiber must be used as an insulator, while the next layer is cement-based plaster. It is possible to replace the described work by applying a plaster made of cement mixed with perlite. It is recommended to use a ratio of 1: 5.
Specialist recommendations
Wood stoves, prices for which can vary up to 80,000 rubles, cannot be made without using a tile cutter, but if there is a need to increase the speed of cutting bricks, it is preferable to use a grinder with a diamond disk. To adjust the brick to its place, you should use a rubber hammer, and the correctness of its position will be determined by the construction level.