The language of any nation is something living, constantly evolving, renewing and having its own laws. Regardless of whether a person knows these laws or not, his speech (written and oral) obeys them. In this case, immutable rules are understood not as spelling or punctuation, but as the organization of the language itself, how a person chooses a way to express his thoughts. In Russian, there are only three functional-semantic types of speech: narration, description, reasoning.
Speech Types
People do not even notice that during a conversation, depending on the purpose of their statement, they narrate, describe or reason. Although the majority cannot explain, for example, what is narration. Each of these types of speech has characteristic features that you need to know especially when writing texts and books. This will help to correctly, easily and logically express your thoughts, as well as facilitate understanding for others. The description verbally depicts a person, object or phenomenon. You can describe anything, it is important to reveal the main features here, so that the reader or listener can clearly, voluminously and accurately present the picture. If a person’s description does not say anything about his age, height, hair color, but only indicates the smile and eyes, then such a text will not be a description, and the author is unlikely to convey his intent to the reader. You must also understand that when describing the room, it is important to show the volume and nature of the space, and not just mention the two old chairs. With the help of reasoning, a certain thought is explained, stated and confirmed. This type of speech has its own composition: first, a thesis is put forward (that which is proved or disproved), then arguments are given with examples, and in conclusion a conclusion is drawn. If you do not follow this plan, then the argument will fall apart into separate incoherent sentences. We'll talk more about what the narrative is.
Not just a bunch of offers
To tell is to tell, to report about some event, observing the time
sequence. This means that the actions in the story must follow one after the other, and the narrative itself must correspond to the plan: the plot (how the event began), development (how the event took place) and the denouement (how the event ended). You can narrate in the third person (this is called the author’s narration) and in the first person (this is indicated in the text by the
personal pronoun "I"). In fiction, first-person narration is most often found in autobiographical works. For the study of narrative techniques in literary texts, there is narratology - a branch of science that studies the narrative technique of authors, as well as what narration is like an artistic representation of reality.
Narrative features
Any narrative text tells a story. Despite the fact that events should follow one after another, during the presentation of their essence they can change places, the past can also be described in the story or contain a forecast for the future. All these methods do not violate the type of narrative; they are used by the author to expand the picture of what is happening and to understand him more deeply. That is, the event that occurred over several months, the author can be told so that the reader will be aware and understand not only the facts of this time period, but also the whole life of the heroes of the work, all its main events in the correct sequence. It should be noted that such a narrative includes a combination of tenses that creates movement and sets the rhythm of the narrative, for example: scene, pause, ellipsis, resume.