It is known that the operation of the machine and the duration of operation are affected by maintenance carried out on time and efficiently, as well as repairs. Back in the USSR, a PPR system (scheduled preventive maintenance and repair) was carried out. It regulates the scope of the proposed work, the timing of their implementation, as a result of which the reasons for the failure of machines are eliminated. Thus, planned preventive maintenance extends the service life of mechanisms and improves their quality of work.
Scheduled preventive repair of machinery and construction equipment
The operation of the mechanisms involves complex work, which make up the PPR system, the purpose of which is to prevent breakdowns due to wear of parts. Special events that ensure the maintenance of each machine must be planned in advance, and they are being prepared.
During the use of the machines, scheduled preventive repairs are carried out either monthly or according to the approved plan. Monthly maintenance is carried out during the work shift, at its beginning or at the end. Maintenance, carried out according to the plan, is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer of the mechanism. They also distinguish between maintenance carried out seasonally twice a year, when the machines are prepared for the winter or summer period of operation. During storage of vehicles or their transportation, scheduled preventive repairs are carried out in accordance with the documentation and requirements for observing operating rules.
Engineers or crew members can independently perform daily repairs of the machine, which is assigned to them. However, if scheduled repairs are not part of their duties, then the machine is sent for maintenance centrally to the preventive maintenance departments, where specialists are engaged in it. Work on daily maintenance of mechanisms is not planned, as they are mandatory. During maintenance of construction, road machines, technical diagnostics, cleaning, lubrication, inspection, regulation, refueling are carried out.
Scheduled preventive maintenance of electrical equipment
At large industrial enterprises, the current scheduled preventive repair of electrical equipment is carried out by the shop personnel. Only major repairs are the tasks that are handled by skilled workers under the guidance of a master. The task force formed in this way, headed by the shift supervisor, oversees the electrical equipment in the workshops and is responsible for its small scheduled repairs. At power plants, inspection of tunnels, canals and mines is handled by personnel of the electric shop. The work is on schedule. Upon examination, the detected defects are recorded in a log, they are eliminated when the opportunity arises.
Types of scheduled preventive maintenance
Being a system, scheduled preventive repair of equipment contains such types of maintenance, care and supervision of repair and operation of mechanisms as:
- ongoing preventative equipment maintenance
- scheduled inspections and examinations
- scheduled repairs, medium and small
- major scheduled repairs
The repair cycle is the period between 2 overhauls, which includes several inspections and smaller repairs. Small repairs are called scheduled preventive repairs, in which the unit is completely disassembled. The middle includes scheduled repairs, during which the mechanism is partially disassembled, individual components undergo major repairs. During overhauls, components and parts that are very worn out are replaced, the unit is completely disassembled, basic parts are repaired and regulated.
In order to prevent breakdowns, it is necessary to follow the care instructions and the rules for operating the equipment.