It is no secret to anyone that a well-designed and equipped water supply system is one of the most necessary elements of home improvement, on which comfort and coziness depends. Cold and hot water supply systems, one might say, are essential in the life support of a house or apartment. But we must remember that the design and calculation of a water supply system, as well as its installation, are quite complex tasks, and it is better to entrust these works to a specialist who has sufficient experience in this field.
For example, consider how the water supply system of a private house is arranged. The main components of the system:
Now, to understand the purpose of the individual components of the system, we consider in more detail each element of the supply and distribution of water in the house.
In order for the water supply system to be filled with water, a source of water is needed. For these purposes, a well, well, pond, etc. may be used.
The pump is used to draw and supply water from the source to the house. There are two types of pumps used for these purposes - deep and external. Deep ones are divided into well and borehole, differing in case diameter and power. They descend directly into the source to a depth, while the outer ones are installed on the surface in special rooms.
Pipelines are used to supply water to the house from the pump (external) and the distribution of water in the rooms and additional equipment (internal). When installing a water supply system, metal-plastic pipes from 1 inch (25.4 mm) or more are mainly used, but polypropylene is often used. Disputes about the advantages and disadvantages of pipes from the first or second material do not subside among specialists. They are selected by the owner on the recommendation of a specialist in the design of the system. In order to avoid freezing of the external water supply, it is placed below the freezing point of the soil or insulated with various materials manufactured by the industry and available in specialized stores.
The distribution manifold is designed for primary distribution of water to the hot water supply (hot water) and cold water supply (cold water) systems. It is installed at the input of the external pipeline into the house.
The water heating device is designed to heat the water that fills
hot water system
. Water heaters are divided into two types - storage and flow. Storage devices can be gas or electric.
In order for the water supply system to work correctly, it is necessary to correctly calculate the required amount of additional equipment, which includes pressure tanks, pre-filters and fine filters, pumps to increase water circulation, additional distribution manifolds on the internal circuits of domestic hot water and cold water systems, thermometers, thermostats, servos, shut-off and control valves and control automation.
When designing and calculating the water supply scheme, it must be remembered that the more complex the water supply system, the greater the amount of additional equipment it will require, which means additional significant costs. And vice versa, the simpler the circuit, the more reliable it is.