In real estate, the definition of the capital group of construction projects is often encountered. For example, this procedure cannot be dispensed with if state registration of a structure or making a decision on demolition is necessary.
What does the term "building capital" mean?
The normative and technical literature does not provide a clearly formulated explanation of the capital features of construction projects. Nevertheless, this term is associated with the strength, functionality and life of the building.
How to determine the capital group of a building?
In order to assign a particular capital group to the building, a special expert commission is appointed. The examination process includes the assessment of a number of indicators. The main ones are:
- Used materials for construction: foundation, walls, ceilings.
- Design features providing physico-mechanical endurance of the structure.
- Degree of resistance to fires.
- The level of internal improvement, engineering communications.
Capital groups for civilian use
Modern architectural solutions imply different capitalities for buildings, depending on their purpose. Thus, structures intended for civilian use (residential buildings) have less durability than industrial (public) real estate.
The period of trouble-free operation is a key factor in determining the capital group of buildings and structures, the table clearly shows this.
Capital group | Service life, years | Object type, depending on the building materials used |
first | is not limited | Concrete, stone |
| second | 120 | Common |
the third | 120 | Stone lightweight |
fourth | fifty | Wooden mixed |
fifth | thirty | Wireframe |
the sixth | fifteen | Reed |
I group of capital of residential buildings
First-class houses of capitality meet the highest quality standards. The maximum service life is achieved thanks to the robust construction, mainly consisting of a monolithic foundation, walls and ceilings. The main building material of the base is concrete, stone. Walls can be made of block, stone or brickwork. Ceilings - made of reinforced concrete. Fire resistance of such facilities is maximum. An example is multi-storey monolithic houses, of which any urban architecture mainly consists.
II capital group
Representatives of this class are not far behind the first group in terms of strength and durability. Unlike the first class, here the walls can also be large-panel. Such houses are gaining more and more popularity in the construction market, as they are being built faster, and most importantly, are cheaper for contractors than monolithic ones.
III capital group
For the construction of such houses, a mixed technology of wall construction is used with the use of more lightweight materials: bricks, cinder blocks, shell rock, etc. Such walls turn out easier than concrete or stone, but a certain percentage of physical and mechanical endurance is lost.
IV capital group
In mixed constructions of houses of this group, such building material as wood is used. In the wooden version, walls (chopped, block-shaped), floors, lightweight tape foundations can be made. Fire resistance and service life are markedly reduced compared to its predecessors. By this type, low-rise houses, private cottages are built, not heavily burdening the foundation.
V group
Frame-panel buildings are related to wooden housing construction. Wooden frame houses are most often suburban cottages and cottages intended for seasonal use. The undoubted plus is the low cost of time and money, minus the high fire hazard and relatively short life.
VI group
Bright representatives - baths, sheds, garages and other temporary buildings and structures. They are intended for individual household use.
Capital groups of industrial and other buildings
Buildings of industrial and other purposes are subject to slightly different technical requirements than civilian facilities, namely, the service life is increased. Below are data conventionally dividing non-residential objects into capital groups of buildings and structures. The table reflects their main parameters, and also classifies the classification of buildings by capital.
Capital group | Service life, years | Design features |
1st group | 175 | Metal or reinforced concrete frame with stone filling |
2nd group | 150 | Walls are stone or large-block, reinforced concrete floors |
3rd group | 125 | Walls made of stone or large blocks, wooden floors |
4th group | 100 | Wooden / brick pillars and columns |
5th group | 80 | Lightweight masonry walls |
6th group | fifty | Chopped, cobbled or log walls |
7th group | 25 | Frame / panel construction |
8th group | fifteen | Reed structures |
9th group | 10 | Temporary structures (pavilions, tents, stalls) |
The service life of buildings by capital groups is different depending on the purpose of the object. So, for industrial facilities, it varies from 15 to 175 years, while civilian facilities are designed for use from 15 to 150 years. Moreover, the closer the capital group of the structure to the beginning of the classification series, the higher the requirements for its physical and mechanical endurance and fire resistance. It should also be noted that the level of capitalism is influenced by such additional factors as interior decoration, utilities, as well as the technical equipment of the building.