DGU is a type of autonomous equipment that generates electricity through the combustion of diesel fuel. DGU, the decoding of which sounds like a diesel generator set, consists of several main elements: the generator itself , the diesel engine and the protective system, which is triggered by large overloads. Nowadays, the market is ready to offer plants that operate both on gasoline and diesel fuel. The first type of units has a very low motor resource. Diesel stations are more economical, productive and safe. That is why, if there is a need to purchase an electric power generator, preference should be given to them. Let us consider in more detail the arrangement of such installations, their types, proper operation and maintenance.
Functional DGU
Diesel generator sets can be used both as the main source of electricity and to perform a backup function. If we consider the main source of power supply, then overloading the diesel generator is allowed as such. Deciphering this type of equipment sounds like a diesel generator set for continuous operation. Overload is possible in the amount of ten percent of the rated power for an hour with a frequency of twelve hours.
The duration of such installations is not limited to anything during the year. The redundant type of equipment prevents any overload relative to the rated power. Over the year, such an installation should work out no more than five hundred hours. DGU for both the main and backup work have the same engines. The choice of this or that type of device is dictated by the planned project.
The release of such installations is carried out in different versions: single-phase, three-phase. Moreover, this equipment can work both in fully automatic mode and in manual mode.
The composition of diesel generator sets
The standard composition includes the following elements:
- DGU diesel engine - the abbreviation decoding itself indicates the use of diesel fuel;
- turbocharger (if the engine is equipped with a turbocharger);
- alternating current generator with automatic adjustment (must be in a protective casing);
- uniform design for fixing the engine and generator;
- fuel tank;
- cooling system with radiator and fan;
- control panel;
- emergency shutdown system;
- voltage and frequency controllers with automatic adjustment.
The DGU scheme is presented in the figure below.
Some models of diesel generator sets have engines with a hydraulic fuel injection system, which is controlled by a microprocessor. This greatly improves the engine in various modes and increases its operational properties.
Pros of DGU engines with processor control
The main advantages of such engines include:
- a higher degree of fuel combustion and a higher efficiency of DGU - as this abbreviation is deciphered, many should know from school times - efficiency;
- low levels of harmful elements in the exhaust gas;
- lower noise and vibration;
- optimal fuel consumption;
- the ability to start the engine in automatic mode without additional heating at low temperatures;
- more advanced diagnostic system.
In order to expand the standard functionality of diesel generator sets, they can be equipped with additional equipment, significantly increasing the possibilities of work.
Additional equipment to DGU
First of all, the optional equipment should include automatic control panels. There are currently four degrees of automation that they support. Their functionality also includes controllers for switching loads, remote start and stop panels, a controller for measuring engine speed.
To prevent the discharge of the battery, there is a device for its automatic charging. The following additional devices contribute to expanding the convenience of working with diesel generator sets: a larger fuel tank to increase installation time, additional silencers and protective covers for more complete noise isolation and vibration prevention, an Arctic container for working in harsh climatic conditions with air temperatures below fifty degrees, periodic devices heating coolant with oil and generator windings, chassis for more convenient transportation of installations.
Types of DGU. Open type
Depending on the conditions of use, the diesel generator sets are manufactured in three versions: open, in the casing and in the container. Diesel generators are open and in containers are produced only stationary (fixed), but in casings - both stationary and mobile.
Open diesel generator sets (the decoding of which has another meaning - for indoor installation) are mounted in a specially designed machine room. They come in any power, single-phase and three-phase, with air and water cooling.
The room for such installations is usually selected well-heated and closed. If there is no suitable room or it is not possible to erect it, it is allowed to install diesel generators in casings that will protect the equipment and its elements from adverse external influences.
DGU in casings and containers
Depending on the required level of protection, the enclosures are weatherproof, soundproofed and high-soundproofed. They can be installed outdoors. A big disadvantage of the casing is their small size, which makes it difficult to work with the internal elements of the generators. Not to mention the repair work, for which it will be necessary to remove the casing, which in the open is extremely not recommended.
As a way out of the situation, DGU began to be produced in containers. They are more free and allow you to perform any type of work with installations. There are two types of containers - with protection against atmospheric influences and soundproofing.
Enclosures and containers are of the low-temperature arctic type. They are made of cold-resistant types of steel and are designed to work in harsh climatic conditions with air temperatures below fifty degrees.
Installation of all types of diesel generator sets must be carried out in accordance with certain requirements.
Recommendations for installing diesel generators
First of all, such installations should not be placed near residential buildings and warehouses with explosive flammable materials. It is necessary to ensure reliable grounding of both the generator itself and its auxiliary elements. The height of the machine room must be at least four meters.
The installation should be placed on a concrete foundation with a height of at least one hundred and fifty millimeters and an area that will withstand the load of the generator. If the DGU is in the container, it must be ensured that the grilles of the louvers for the air flow are away from other objects and walls. Near the container there should be a well for emergency discharge of fuel mass with a piping system.
Use of diesel generator sets in construction
In the construction of large buildings and facilities, the need for mobile power sources is especially great. Since the supply of the main electric highway is not possible at many construction sites, all available equipment will be powered by diesel generator sets. The decoding in the construction of the names of such plants does not differ from ordinary living conditions - in fact, these are the same diesel-generator stations, only of high power.
The high power of such generators is capable of providing electricity to large construction projects for a long time. Work can be carried out for a long time without interruption, which is the main criterion for the completion of construction projects on time.
For such a sphere, it is better to use foreign diesel generator sets (the decryption, construction and production of which are represented by high-power diesel generator sets).
In conclusion: how to choose a suitable diesel generator set?
Before you purchase a diesel generator, you need to decide for yourself a few questions - about which type is best used, how the installation will be performed, and in which place. It is necessary to determine the purpose of the future generator - it will be permanent or standby. The most important point when choosing a diesel generator set is decoding for itself what power will be needed to supply electricity to all the necessary consumers. And finally, you should take into account the climatic conditions of the area in which you plan to install the generator, and find a place where it will stand. It can be a closed room or outdoors. And in accordance with this, it will be possible to choose the type of diesel generator set.