When it is not possible to connect to central heating, long-burning furnaces can be used to heat the room. Among the many devices, these are considered ideal for use in country houses and cottages.
Furnaces can serve as both the main and additional source of heat. In the warm season, they are used to heat water, and in some cases for cooking.
The main feature of these designs is a long process of combustion of materials. Unlike primitive boilers, fuel after ignition goes into smoldering mode. This feature can significantly reduce the consumption of combustible material and simplifies the maintenance process.
Design and principle of operation
All furnaces of this type have a similar design. The main elements in each of them are:
- Housing made of durable and heat-resistant material.
- Chambers for combustion and waste storage.
- Gate valves for regulating air supply.
- Chimney
Combustible material is placed in the first chamber. The furnace gains maximum power and pressure with open flaps. After the oven has sufficiently warmed up, the air supply should be limited. In this case, the flame will be significantly reduced, and the material will switch from the combustion mode to the smoldering mode.
Modern models are equipped with additional space for circulating air from the room (such devices may be batteries or the space between the body and the combustion chamber). It is worth noting that the air that comes in contact with the camera quickly circulates and heats the room more efficiently.
Important! With a tight firewood laying, the shutter should be covered. Air is supplied to the furnace from the side. This ensures uniform and slow smoldering of products and does not allow ignition of firewood.
In the second chamber, the decay products (the gas that the materials emit) are burned completely. At the same time, the amount of waste is significantly reduced.
The specifics of long burning furnaces are as follows:
- The air that leaves the furnace heats the room and returns to the near-chamber space (i.e., circulates).
- Gases and residual products are burned in the second chamber.
- The slower the combustion process, the longer the room will be heated.
Important! Dampers in furnaces should ensure the safe use of the device. The damper, which is installed in the chimney, has an additional clearance, so complete pipe shutdown is not possible.
Specifications
The average values for furnaces are as follows:
- The temperature at the outlet of the chimney is approximately 50-80 ° C.
- Inside the furnace, the gases are heated to a temperature of about 270 ° C.
- Long-burning furnaces with high efficiency (from 70 to 95%) show better efficiency if they work on high-quality combustible materials.
- The required moisture content of the combustible material must not exceed 25%.
- Depending on the models, the average burning time between bookmarks is from 6 to 10 hours.
- System pressure (only for installations with a water circuit) - 1 atmosphere.
Models and varieties of furnaces
The most popular long burning stoves for home among users are:
- Buleryan and Breneran.
- The furnaces of Professor Butakov.
- Boilers with a long burning chamber.
Buleryan and Brenaran are identical in design. They can heat the room in which they are installed, as well as neighboring rooms (through air ducts). Such furnaces are made in the form of a cylinder, and crossed pipes are present in the upper part of the product.
The interior of the furnace is divided into 2 parts. It is worth noting that in such designs there is no grate. The power of both furnaces varies from 6 to 35 kW. The efficiency in this case is 75-80%.
The maximum burning time depends on the volume of the furnace and is from 4 to 10 hours.
Important! To install the above-mentioned long-burning furnaces, an insulated chimney of at least 5 meters high is required.
Butakov’s stoves are also popular. Thanks to the wide model range, you can choose the most suitable option:
- The Student model with a capacity of 9 kW and a furnace volume of 60 liters is suitable for heating small rooms.
- The Engineer model with a capacity of 15 kW and a volume of 120 liters can be installed in small warehouses and in country houses.
- Furnaces "Associate Professor" and "Professor" with a capacity of 25 kW and 40 kW, respectively, are suitable for large country houses and cottages. It is worth noting that the volume of the first is 250 liters, and the second is 500.
There are several options for the execution of long burning stoves on wood for a summer residence or private houses:
- With forced air circulation. In this case, air is supplied by fans, and the laying of firewood is done in the upper space of the stove.
- In the second design, the afterburner is located at the rear of the unit.
As a rule, the capacity of such boilers is higher than that of Butakov's small furnaces .
Water circuit furnaces
Such an installation consists of a chamber and heat exchanger tubes. The thickness of the walls of the furnace depends on the type of execution and is:
- for closed systems - 6 mm;
- for open - 4 mm.
The main components of such devices are:
- housing;
- combustion and afterburner chambers;
- injector;
- convection pipes;
- discharge pipes and return water;
- chamber for air supply;
- grate;
- door;
- gate valve;
- smoke exhaust pipe.
About 40 liters of fluid circulate through the pipes. To control the heating, temperature sensors are installed on the furnaces.
The air in the furnace is supplied naturally and manually controlled.
Such equipment is suitable for small private houses and for summer cottages. Long burning stoves are easy to operate and safe.
In the warm season, they are used to heat water.
Among the positive characteristics of such installations are:
- low cost;
- autonomy;
- stylish design;
- compactness;
- full adaptation to any climate;
- They are suitable for any heating system;
- stoves run on low-cost environmentally friendly fuel - firewood.
The plants do not need to be connected to the central highway, and their operation does not depend on the availability of electricity.
If you plan to install the stove in a country house or in the country, you can choose a model with a hob. This will significantly save space.
The main disadvantages are:
- the inability to install automatic control;
- the need for regular cleaning of all components;
- deterioration of work due to climatic conditions;
- low efficiency.
All units are covered with a layer of heat-resistant paint. In some models, the furnace part is lined with bricks. This feature allows you to equalize temperature differences.
Modern models can be combined with alternative sources of electricity (for example, with solar panels). Such structures are used as backup equipment: in summer - for heating water, and in winter - for heating the room.
Important! Only a dedicated oven should be connected to the water circuit. Otherwise, there will be a significant loss of temperature in the room and a large amount of unburned material.
What to look for when choosing
Before purchasing a long burning stove for a wood house, you should pay attention to:
- Type of fuel. Among modern stoves, combined ones are often found, that is, those that can work on wood and coal at the same time.
- Power. The efficiency of the furnace depends on this parameter. If the power is insufficient, the room will not warm up, and the choice of unreasonably large power will lead to an excessive consumption of fuel.
- Volume of the combustion chamber. The larger the firebox, the less often firewood should be put into it. Among modern models, furnaces with automatic loading of fuel from a special hopper are presented.
- Weight. Long-life cast iron furnaces are very heavy and require increased attention during installation. Despite these inconveniences, such an installation is durable - its service life can be more than 50 years. Cast iron is also able to maintain temperature for a very long time.
- Efficiency. The higher this coefficient, the more efficient the operation of the furnace.
- Type of instalation. Very often there are long-burning furnaces with a circuit. The efficiency of this equipment is higher than that of conventional furnaces (in them additional heating is provided through radiators). In addition to the basic functions, heaters can serve as equipment for heating water or even cooking. It should be noted that the temperature of additional equipment is not regulated.
How to choose the right oven
Furnaces of small or medium power (from 6 kW) are suitable for modern insulated rooms.
The material of long-burning wood-burning stoves must necessarily be thermo- and wear-resistant. It is best to purchase cast iron stoves (since this alloy is not subject to corrosion and deformation from temperature). It is worth noting that due to the heavy weight of such a structure, an additional foundation should be made for it.
Important! The furnace and all accessories (e.g. a chimney) must be manufactured by the same manufacturer.
Advantages and disadvantages of long burning stoves for the home
The main advantages are:
- long work on one tab (from 6 hours);
- high coefficient of performance;
- compactness;
- long service life;
- the ability to install directly in the living room (and not in special boilers);
- small dimensions and weight;
- profitability and safety.
Among the shortcomings are:
- the need for regular pipe cleaning (about once every 3 months);
- high requirements for the installation of the chimney;
- not all models can be connected to a water circuit;
- difficulty in setting the optimal air supply;
- high demands on the quality of raw materials (for example, minimum humidity, size).
Coefficient of performance: how to increase it
The efficiency of the furnaces depends on the design, as well as on the quality of the fuel. Each installation has its own factory flaws and design flaws. To increase the efficiency of long-burning furnaces, the furnace process should be changed:
- the instructions for the boilers say that first you need to light small firewood and wood chips, and then lay larger material;
- after the firebox is completely laid with firewood, close the door.
In practice, such a process has been inconvenient. Significant energy losses are also observed when the door is opened repeatedly.
In order to reduce losses, you should first lay out the firewood tightly, and under them - small branches and chips. After laying out, kindling is performed, and the door closes.
The furnace settings should be changed if:
- the combustion process is too active;
- the formation of soot and condensate exceeds acceptable standards;
- a large amount of fuel is not burned out.
To change the settings, adjust the air supply to the chamber. It is better to entrust the adjustment to a specialist.
Installation and commissioning of the furnace
The efficiency of operation, as well as the explosion and fire safety of the equipment, depends on the correct installation of the long-burning stove on wood.
Almost all factory models are equipped with legs that are adjustable in height. If there are none, you should prepare the foundation before starting the installation process.
The foundation parameters depend on the size and weight of the furnace.
In the manufacture of such should pay attention to the quality of the solution. In order for the foundation to be reliable, you should follow these steps:
- First, a box of boards is selected or knocked down independently.
- Then it is filled with crushed clay (particles should be equal to the size of a chicken egg).
- A layer of clay is poured with water.
- After a while, the solution is filtered through a grid.
- At the last stage, sand is added to it. If the mixture is thick, it is diluted with water.
The location for the furnace should be away from flammable materials (the center of the room or boiler room will be ideal).
If the walls in the house are wooden, the distance from them should be at least 120 cm. In the case when the walls are made of heat-resistant material - 35 cm.
Improper stove setting can lead to burnout of wood masonry with a significant temperature increase or complete stop of oxygen supply. Because of this, the gas will not be able to burn out and simply escape through the firebox. Such factors can lead to ignition of the chimney.
In windy or rainy weather, it is important to monitor the change in pressure, because traction can collapse.
When choosing a chimney, you should give preference to collapsible. It is also very important to conduct regular inspection and cleaning of all removable parts. The upper section of the pipe must be protected by a visor (e.g. a fungus) to prevent moisture from entering it.
Given all the features, you can choose the most suitable long burning stove for a summer residence, workshop or home.
Manufacturer's Reviews
Among modern heating equipment, the most popular are:
- The long-burning fireplace stove "Buleryan". Users emit high heat transfer: the simplest of a series of such boilers is able to heat a room with an area of up to 80 m 2 . Among the disadvantages are: the need for insulation of the chimney, a specific design. It is also noted that the greatest heat transfer occurs during the complete laying of firewood.
- Sropuva. Users note an unusual burning process - from top to bottom. Among the positive aspects highlight: the lack of the need for frequent loading of firewood (after all, the capacity of the furnace is 200 kg). One download is enough, on average, for 3 days. Among the disadvantages: the need to clean the camera before each download, a large amount of waste.
- "Viadrus". Among the positive aspects: unpretentiousness to fuel quality and the presence of an automatic temperature controller (this device independently controls the opening of the smoke damper). Among the negative reviews: the need to install a complex foundation (the boiler has an impressive weight), and to select the size of firewood (no more than 34 cm). Also, users note that due to the small volume of the furnace it is necessary to carefully monitor its filling.
- Galmet. In the line of this manufacturer are devices of various capacities. Thanks to this, you can choose the most suitable design for special cases. Also among the positive aspects are: the presence of automatic loading (in some models). Maintenance of the boiler should be carried out no more than 2 times a day, and cleaning once a week. The coolant temperature is automatically adjusted. The boiler runs on multiple fuel sources.
- Dakon Dor. It has high efficiency, and the temperature at the outlet of the fuel chamber is approximately 60 ° C. Among the negative aspects highlight: the need to select high-quality raw materials and equipment for the chimney to a height of at least 8 meters.
- The Danko-80T domestic-made long-burning wood-burning stoves are the most budgetary. Despite this, the performance of the equipment is quite high. Among the negative points - poor build quality in some models.
In addition to factory models, homemade brick stoves are also popular. The design of the latter is the same as that of a conventional one. To begin with, they build a large combustion chamber, and above it - an additional furnace for gas. Most existing structures have a coil that is connected to the chimney. The presence of a coil significantly increases heat transfer.
These designs are suitable for giving. A long-burning brick furnace has several disadvantages:
- due to the roughness of the walls, their coking occurs;
- during combustion, products emit more ash and resins that remain in the combustion chamber.
It is almost impossible to remove soot without the use of special abrasives.
Important! If the accumulations are not cleaned in time, the furnace becomes fire and explosive.