It is difficult to imagine modern construction today, in which a reinforced concrete beam is not used. Such elements are indispensable in the construction of various kinds of structures and floors. Reinforced concrete beams are also used in the arrangement of airport runways, temporary access roads, and in the construction of bridges. The material used for their manufacture is durable and resistant to many types of influences, due to which such overlappings are extremely durable. And the process of their installation is fast enough.
Reinforced concrete beams: production
Reinforced concrete prefabricated beams (GOST 20372-90, 24893.2-81, 24893.1-81) are made only in factories, and monolithic beams are made by pouring concrete mortar into pre-prepared reinforcing structures, the rods of which are tensioned using jacks. The compaction of the material is carried out by vibration technology. The solution in the form hardens in about 12 hours, after which the product is taken out into the open air to consolidate its properties.
When manufacturing, one important parameter must be observed: the concrete mix should be distributed as evenly as possible throughout the mold space. To create these products, concrete grade 200 and higher is used. The finished reinforced concrete beam has a design load of more than 450 kilograms / force per square meter.
Varieties of beam structures
All modern products are divided into three groups depending on the method of production:
- prefabricated - made at the factory;
- monolithic - are poured on the construction site;
- prefabricated monolithic.
The most popular type of beams is considered to be an assembly structure, which is made of heavy concrete grades. It is quite strong, has high technical characteristics, is immediately ready for installation.
Reinforced concrete floor beams GOST 28737-90: type of construction
In the construction field, there is a division of the types of beams according to the type of construction:
- gable are ordinary and trellised, are denoted by BSD;
- single-beam reinforced concrete beams are briefly called BSO;
- rafter with parallel belts - BSP, etc.
Foundation beams
For their production, special brands of concrete are used, which are distinguished by high technical characteristics, or rather strength, reliability. Such a reinforced concrete beam is widely used in large-scale industrial construction. Ideal for terrain where tremors are often observed and increased seismicity. This type of beam is designed for very large loads. Their installation provides high-quality waterproofing, completely eliminating the contact of plates with soil. Sometimes they are used for mounting window and doorways.
Raised reinforced concrete beams
This group combines several varieties of reinforced concrete beams:
According to the configuration of the upper belt, they can be either broken or curved. This type is widely used in roofing works, in particular, it is used for the construction of reliable and strong ceilings that must withstand high loads. For example, premises with crane equipment. This can be enterprises with industrial specialization, large storage facilities, agricultural complexes, where unloading / loading of heavy items, as well as other types of such work, are meant. Rafter reinforced concrete beams are equipped with special rail mounts, which are used to fix the equipment.
Rectangular Beams
BP is the type of beam most commonly used in construction. The most popular of them are special models that are equipped with a shelf located above or below. The main structural element of the T-shaped section is just such a beam. Reinforced concrete floors (sizes can reach 24 m) are assembled from spans, the length of which should not exceed 12 meters. In the construction industry, this type is considered the strongest and most powerful. There is also a PSU with an L-shaped section, they are designed to support the facades.
It is worth noting that reinforced concrete construction is one of the most promising industries, which pushed aside the use of bulky solid metal structures and archaic wood. Due to the optimal ratio of cost and quality level, a reinforced concrete beam can rightly be called the ideal material for modern industry.