On Earth, there are a huge number of mushrooms. One of such representatives of the forest is gray mushroom. Not all mushroom pickers, both professionals and amateurs, know about this mushroom. In this regard, it is especially important to know about how he looks and how it differs from poisonous brothers.
This mushroom is edible (4th category).
General row information
Before moving on to the description and photo of the gray row, we will present general information about all the row mushrooms. This name in Russia has several apparently similar genera of the Ryadovkov family. But in the same way some fungi of other genera of the same family can be called.
To a greater extent, these are fungi of the genus Tricholoma. For example, violet, lilac-legged and violet belong to the genus Lepista, and the May rank is to the genus Calocybe. Moreover, these fungi can be attributed to different genera only by microbiological signs, and according to external data they are almost all alike - one form, grow in rows, the same smell. Mycologists themselves can not decide, therefore, many of the species roam for different genera. Their main main characteristic is that they grow in heaps (rows).
You can get acquainted with one of the types of mushrooms - row gray (photos and description are presented in the article) by reading the material presented below. It is very important for mushroom pickers to know that among them, unfortunately, there are poisonous, though not fatal. The worst that can happen is an upset bowel for a long time. Unfortunately, although these mushrooms are common, they are poorly recognized.
This genus got its name for its growth feature - in groups (in a row or rings).
Ryadovki is a numerous genus of mushrooms, in which there are more than 2.5 thousand species. Of special interest to mushroom pickers are only a few species - about 5, of which only 3 species are edible and 2 are conditionally edible.
Separation of rows into edible and poisonous species
Among edibles in a row of rows, the following species may be of interest to mushroom pickers:
- gray rowing (description and photo are presented in the article);
- crowded;
- poplar;
- green (greenfinch);
- May (May mushroom).
Among conditionally edible may be useful:
- Violet
- yellow-brown;
- yellow red.
The remaining species of this genus of fungi belong to the inedible varieties of mushrooms and even poisonous (especially tiger rowing). In this regard, only the most experienced mushroom pickers collect them for food. The rest is better not to collect them and generally bypass.
Ryadovka gray: photo and description
Tricholoma portentosum is a common edible relatively large mushroom. Ryadovka, its gray name, as noted above, received for the peculiarity of growing in rows and rings and for the gray color of the hat. Often it is called a row of streaks or a mouse due to its similarity at a young age with a gray small mouse. It belongs to lamellar mushrooms.
What does a gray row look like? The spores necessary for the propagation of this fungus are in the plates. The latter are broad, very rare, slightly sinuous in shape. In young mushrooms, they are almost white, and in more mature ones, they are gray, with a yellowish tinge. The hat is on a row of gray fleshy with wavy edges and slightly noticeable blackish radial fibers. Young mushrooms have round conical hats, and mature ones are uneven, often open, with a tubercle flat in the center. And the edges of the caps of young mushrooms are slightly wrapped, and in mature ones they crack over time, bending upward.
By the color of the hat they are mostly pale grayish or dark gray in color, but they are also often found with purple, olive and purple hues. The surface is smooth, mucous and sticky in wet weather, therefore leaves and grass stick to it. The leg of the gray row is slightly thickened, cylindrical, smooth and dense, longitudinally fibrous and deeply planted in foliage or moss. The gray-yellow-white color of the flesh in the hat is dense, but rather brittle, and in the leg it is friable and fibrous.
It is believed that the mushroom has a mild persistent powdery smell and taste. However, among mushroom pickers there is an opinion that its smell is more like the smell of stale, moist and musty flour, and it certainly is not spicy.
Mushroom rowing autumn. The gray hat is clearly visible in the autumn forest. Some specimens can also be found in the summer (August), but rowing in the autumn (September-October) is especially numerous.
It is believed that this mushroom has the best taste among all edible varieties of rows.
How to distinguish from an inedible mushroom?
There are a lot of similar mushrooms in a row of gray. Among several species there are poisonous gray poisonous, therefore, before collecting them, it is necessary to study their similarities and differences well.
Most of all similar to a row, the gray row is pointed. She is inedible due to her bitter taste. She has exactly the same gray hat, and also cracking along the edges. But in this mushroom, the center of the cap is a pointed, strongly protruding tubercle. It can be distinguished by the flesh and the plates: in the pointed, they are grayish-white, and in gray - yellowish-white. And in size, the rowan is pointed thinner and smaller, and it does not grow in large clusters, like a gray edible.
A brief description of some similar species
As noted above, inedibles, edible and poisonous (slightly poisonous) mushrooms can be found among rows:
- earthy (semi-edible) rowan , characterized by smaller size, rare plates and a fibrous scaly surface of the cap;
- ryadovka different (semi-edible), having an unpleasant odor and a leg of green, brown or white color;
- soap (inedible), colored more evenly and having a strong smell of laundry soap;
- pointy (weakly poisonous), characterized by a thin ash cap, with a conical tubercle visible in the middle, and also with burning flesh to taste;
- tiger rowan (large and very poisonous), characterized by a gray hat, covered with black spotty small scales and flesh, which when you touch it and cut it turns pink, especially at the leg.
Where does gray rowing grow?
Mushroom usually grows in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere: in Canada, North America, Western, Northern and Eastern Europe, in the Far East. The main Russian regions of growth: The middle zone of Russia, the Urals, Siberia (Novorossiysk), Crimea.
The fruiting period, as a rule, begins from the beginning of September and ends during frosts (end of November). The most massive fruiting is from the end of September to the first half of October.
Edible gray rowing is most prevalent in coniferous (especially pine) and mixed forests and, as a rule, on sandy soil, in mosses and under deciduous coniferous. It grows not only in groups. Often found in the same places where there is greenfinch, and they have a simultaneous growth period. It is believed by the people that the described row is almost a sister of Zelenka, which is why they sometimes call her a dodger.
Application
Despite its nondescript appearance, gray rowovka has quite high taste qualities. The described mushroom is suitable for a variety of types of processing. It can be frozen, salted, pickled, cooked, fried and dried. When preparing dishes, you can use both young mushrooms and completely mature ones.
Before cooking mushrooms, it is recommended to thoroughly clean and rinse them from the remnants of leaves and earth, and peel the hats. After boiling, the flesh of the gray row changes its color to gray-white with a faint chestnut hue.
Benefits and contraindications
Like all other mushrooms, gray rowing contains trace elements that are important for the human body. They contain vitamins of groups A, B, PP, copper, zinc and manganese. A sufficiently high protein content in them goes well with low calorie content, so they are great for dietary. It is important to note that an antibiotic was also found in the pulp of rowing, although in small quantities.
Ordinary is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Antibiotic properties suitable for controlling colds. It should be remembered that people suffering from diseases of the stomach, gall bladder and other similar diseases should not abuse the ranks too much to prevent possible exacerbations.
The mushroom described above is often consumed. In terms of taste, it is well characterized by professional mushroom pickers and just lovers of mushroom hunting. But with all its useful properties, it should be used with caution, especially in raw form. Mushrooms in this form cause an upset stomach.
Conclusion
It is desirable to collect gray rows in ecologically clean forests, since they quite actively absorb harmful substances from the air. You should also be serious and attentive to the process of harvesting, so as not to mistakenly pick up poisonous relatives - rows of gray false ones.
Going into the forest, you need to have complete confidence in your knowledge of mushrooms. Jokes with them are undesirable, because an error in the collection can lead to serious and deplorable consequences.
So, with a true, careful and serious approach, you can be sure that finding this type of mushroom will bring only benefit and pleasure.