The history of Norway is complex and contradictory. In particular, the country gained its independence only in 1905, and until then, the kings of Norway were the rulers of neighboring Sweden.
The formation of the Norwegian kingdom began at the end of the 9th century. Until the fourteenth century, Norway was a leading state in northern Europe, until it became dependent on Denmark. In the XV-XVI centuries, the title King of Norway automatically passed to the Danish king from the Oldenburg dynasty. Gradually, the name "King of Norway" became a tribute to historical tradition. The end to this was the defeat of the Danish King Frederick VI in the war with Sweden in 1814, and under the Kiel Treaty, Norway transferred to Sweden.
But, refusing to fulfill this condition, the Swedish people rose to fight, defending the country's independence. The national liberation revolution ended in February 1841, and the country's independence was proclaimed by the interim government. The king of Norway is Christian Frederick, the Crown Prince of Denmark. From a powerless kingdom, Norway is turning into a constitutional monarchy. The King of Norway becomes the commander in chief of all the military forces of the country, both land and sea, as well as the head of the Lutheran church. He could issue and repeal decrees concerning trade, taxes, industry, the police and so on, so long as they did not contradict the laws and constitution of Norway.
No power recognized Christian Frederick as king, so his rule was short-lived - just one summer. In addition, Sweden had views of Norway and introduced its troops into the country. However, this war lasted only a few days and ended with the Swedish-Norwegian Union, according to which the Swedish king Charles XIII was elected king of Norway. And until 1905, only Swedish kings became the kings of Norway , the last of which was Oscar II.
Meanwhile, the Duke of Ostrogoth, Oscar II Frederick was a very educated and far-sighted person. He studied, while still a prince, maritime affairs, after which he made many voyages, and after that he also attended classes at the University of Uppsala. By the way, the prince always engaged in naval affairs with great love and interest. He even often read reports on this subject in the Swedish military society. His other favorite pastime was the history of Sweden, the result of which was the study of several books published by him, of which his studies on Charles XII, published in Stockholm in 1868, are of particular importance.
But that is not all. Prince Oscar Frederick was a poet, translator, and literary critic. The collected works of the sovereign came out in 1875 - 1890 in Stockholm. Many of his writings have been translated into other languages. Russian translations are also known. Among the monarch's works, brilliant translations of Goethe and Tasso are interesting. Some of his works were translated into Russian by Golovin and Koreander.
The importance of the Oscars in the history of Norway is very significant, despite the not too long term of his reign - about thirteen years. But still in 1905, the Swedish union was broken and the country again becomes independent. Krol Oscar II was forced to transfer his authority to the government. Until 1991, King Haakon VII ruled the country. After his death, the throne passes to his son Harald V. His Majesty King of Norway Harald V was the first prince born in Norway in the last 567 years. Before taking the throne, Harald V married Sonia Haraldsen, who becomes Queen of Norway. Finally, after almost 600 years, Norway regains its king and queen.
Now King Harold V is the head of state. He is the head of the executive branch. The Norwegian legislature, by tradition, remains the Storting, a bicameral parliament.