For many centuries, legal scholars have wondered what the state is. For a long time there was no single view on the problems of the existence of this category. Depending on the beliefs and ethnicity of different people, the most incredible concepts of the state were put forward. However, over time, most scientists have come to the conclusion that any country is a socio-legal structure that represents a large community of people. Thus, it is the population of the state, or rather, its direct activity, that is the basis of each power.
However, far from always people act correctly. Quite often, their activity causes a large number of different problems. Therefore, in the state there are special bodies that coordinate the activities of people, and also actually implement the main tasks of the whole country as a whole. These departments include executive ones. Their work, structure and other features are regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, if we are talking specifically about our country. Moreover, the executive bodies are not a novelty for the legal systems of other states.
Principle of separation of powers
Public administration was far from always the way we are used to seeing it today. Initially, in almost every country, power was concentrated in the hands of one person or the ruling elite. However, the New Age period marked the beginning of changes in understanding the very essence of state power. People realized that this attribute comes from people, not the king, king, emperor, etc. Such eminent figures of the time as Charles Louis de Montesquieu and John Locke were involved in the development of this theory.
In the process of their scientific research, they developed the principle of the separation of powers. According to him, public administration in any country should be divided between the legislative, judicial and executive branches. Thanks to this theory, the executive bodies function effectively and successfully in Russia today. But their activity in our state has its own specifics, which will be discussed later in the article.
The concept of executive authorities
The departments mentioned in the article are engaged in the actual implementation of state policy. In addition, their functions include real management of the country's apparatus and its population. In other words, the executive bodies of the Russian Federation are a buffer between the existing government and directly the citizens of our state. It should be noted that such departments exist and function on the basis of a whole package of legal norms. This indicates the legitimacy of their activities. At the same time, the staff of executive bodies is recruited on an elective basis, with the exception of specific departments, for example, the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc. In addition, the normative regulations of the departments presented make it possible to highlight their key features and functions.
Signs of executive bodies
Most official structures are similar. To distinguish the executive bodies of the Russian Federation from other similar departments, it is necessary to know their main features. These include:
- independence of executive bodies;
- the exclusive right to implement the political program of the state in life;
- a well-organized system of executive bodies ;
- subordination of the activities of departments to federal legislation;
- the availability of material support and another type of “benefits” that help to realize specific powers.
Of course, the features presented are purely doctrinal. Nevertheless, some distinctive points of the executive authorities can be identified in the regulatory framework governing their functioning.
Department functions
Analyzing any kind of official structure, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of its work. The activities of the executive bodies are aimed at the performance of a number of functions. The last element, in turn, shows the characteristics of each individual agency. Of course, there are the most general functions inherent in all organs of the presented type without exception. Thus, the executive bodies carry out:
- legislative regulation of the activities of supervised facilities;
- management aimed at the actual implementation of federal laws and norms of other acts;
- administrative control over certain entities;
- law enforcement and rule of law;
- providing informational nature, etc.
At the same time, the current legislation may entrust other functional tasks to the executive bodies if the real state of affairs in the state so requires.
Executive system
One fairly important feature of public administration is its structure. This is manifested in the fact that the implementation of any kind of tasks occurs as systematically as possible. But this principle exists not only within the framework of the organization of the work structure of official departments. It also manifests itself in the fact of the existence of a system of executive bodies. The latter category is a hierarchical structure of various departments, which is determined by the functions and traditions of a particular state. In our case, the features of the Russian Federation are taken into account. The system of executive bodies plays a large role in the process of organizing public administration as a whole. Thanks to its existence, the level of quality of interaction between the represented departments and structures with a different focus in the state is increasing. In addition, the system affects the powers of executive bodies, the scope of which varies depending on the hierarchical affiliation of a particular structure.
Types of government departments
Executive bodies are divided into several main types. Moreover, their classification is due to both theoretical or doctrinal norms, and legislative. According to the legal “interpretation”, the executive bodies are divided into ministries, federal agencies and services. There is also a different view of the classification problem. For example, federal structures and local executive bodies are distinguished, that is, departments that relate to the subjects of the Russian Federation.
The scope of authority of executive bodies also depends on the place occupied in the hierarchy. For example, ministries have the most extensive functionality. They are the largest structures. Their system may include smaller services with their own targets.
Interaction of executive bodies with other departments of the Russian Federation
Public administration is a complex activity of a power, although it is divided into several branches. Nevertheless, the presence of isolation does not exclude the interaction of different inherently structures. For example, executive and legislative bodies are complementary departments. In other words, they cannot function separately. The legislative branch is the “synthesizer” of the highest legal acts of normative acts - laws. In turn, executive departments are structures that enforce the provisions of official documents. Thus, the functioning of the organs presented is, in fact, necessary.
Who are the employees of the represented departments?
The functions of any body should be carried out by someone. When we talk about executive departments, this situation is no exception. The employees of these bodies are civil servants. They are distinguished from freelancers by their special legal status, which includes exclusive rights, obligations and, of course, certain benefits. Moreover, not every person can become a public servant. This requires special education, relevant psychological qualities and other aspects.
Conclusion
So, we examined the concept, types and features of the structure of the executive authorities of the Russian Federation. Today, these official structures are pretty good at coping with their tasks, despite not a few nuances. Let's hope that in the future this trend will not change and will only improve.